In her thoroughly detailed and comprehensive article, Osborn investigates the impact of political parties, their ideologies, and control over the legislative process on women legislators’ policy-making (146). In general, regardless of the considerable representation of women in foreign countries’ legislatures and “the steadier upward trajectory of women’s representation in the...
Many powerful countries across the world tend to accept refugees fleeing from other states for multiple reasons. The refugee programs are intended to offer protection and even save the lives of vulnerable people in the conflict region. The United States is among those countries admitting millions of refugees every year....
Cahuc, P., Stéphane C., & Zylberberg. A. (2014). Labour Economics (2nd ed.). The MIT Press. Labor economics is a significant area in understanding the U.S. labor market. According to Cahuc et al. (2019), the issues around fair wage, job satisfaction, labor productivity, and job security are factors, which influence the...
The International Criminal Court or ICC is an organization that is supposed to investigate the crimes against humanity, such as genocide Its authority extends to those cases that have not been tried by national courts due to some reasons. Currently, 121 countries recognize the ICC as an international institution that...
Introduction In January 2011, Coles and Woolworth started discounting the price of milk in an ongoing price war that led to the establishment of a state inquiry into the price of milk. Consequently, farmers found themselves at the mercy of these supermarket chains because they had to sell their milk...
Hypothesis The case under analysis reveals the influence of political life on the actions of police officers of WPPA. The problem lies in prohibition imposed on police officers who are not entitled to run for the city council unless they are deprived of the responsibilities and authority to be police...
Introduction An arbitral award is referred to as an award given in circumstances where both the claimant and the defendant of a commercial dispute settle their dispute through an arbitration tribunal. The award can result in payment of a sum of money, or it can be non-monetary, where the whole...
Introduction Employment and social protection are factors that enhance the health of a given population. Countries that have high rates of employment and advanced social protection programs improve the health conditions of their citizens. High rates of unemployment significantly affect the health of the population since people are unable to...
Why it should be changed? As far as the legal drinking age is concerned, individuals can not drink or smoke until they are 21 years. This means that the law prohibits any engagement in such activities until that acceptable age. As much as the legal drinking age is 21 years,...
Public safety is one of the main reasons that influenced the philosophy of community policing. Community policing involves organizational strategies that utilize partnership to find a solution when public safety is threatened (Peak & Glensor, 2008). Community policing is divided into three main strategies which include community partnership, organizational transformation...
The police department has faced numerous changes in its recruitment process of personnel. However, the Greenfield Police Department’s hiring process has not changed over the past decades. The outdated hiring process has its consequences on the overall performance of police officers. One of the effects of relying on the outdated...
Utilization of prohibited drugs remains to be a severest health issue in the United States, and the ‘War on Drugs” persists with no end near (Saxe et al., 2006). Estimations by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) demonstrate that, in 2002, illicit use of drugs cost the US...
What if you received two 25 to life jail sentences for shoplifting? It surely sounds like a ridiculous practice that may occur in some distant authoritarian regime but has no place in the United States judicial system. However, that is a sad possibility under the three strikes legal provisions originating...
Background The decision-making process through which public health policies are made in the United States can be separated into distinct phases, each with its objectives, operating guidelines, motivating factors, and set outcomes (Longest, 2010). Although these phases are exceedingly interactive and interdependent, it is possible to delineate and describe them...
The purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act is to restrict business entities from forming cartels and monopolies that could hinder fair market completion. Monopolies and cartels harm competition by manipulating trade, supply and in extension, controlling market prices. Competition in the market is encouraged, but there are factors in the...
Introduction The dilemma of the use of force is not uncommon for the police of the US and all over the world, and yet there are no universal guidelines for this aspect of law enforcement activities guidance (National Institute of Justice, 2015). The analysis of existing policies and guidelines can...
Summary The great Recession of 2007-2009 laid deep penalties on the real economy and revealed the incompetence of the leading economic system to solve this crisis. Along with many other side effects, the Great Recession exposed the inherent weaknesses of the euro project pertaining to its institutional and policy defects....
Introduction The United States Constitution, Bill of Rights decrees that persons should submit to neither unreasonable seizures nor searches from law enforcement agents, except for provisions presented for probable cause (Beckham, 2011). This directive is existent under the Fourth Amendment, and is the supreme Search and Seizure Law. Nevertheless, Beckham...
Introduction During a long period of time, the US government tried to develop an effective drug policy which could respond to the expectations of the state authorities, specialists in the health care and criminal justice spheres, and the American society. Thus, it is important to note that the drug policy...
Executive Summary Ownership of guns attracts an immense controversy among different people across the globe. Parents who send their children to school need to rest assured that reckless gun owners cannot open fires to them. Unfortunately, this situation is not case as evidenced by reported incidences of children opening fires...
The policing of skid row areas is usually associated with a great number of challenges because such districts attract a great number of people who may violate the law in different ways. Moreover, the residents of such areas are more affected by economic difficulties such as unemployment. Additionally, homelessness is...
Introduction National governance comprises a number of inter-reliant aspects that affect the government directly or indirectly and policing has its imperative space in governance. The rising demand to manage the growing population amidst high insecurity across nations is putting individuals, policymakers, and governments into endless commitments (Raymond et al. 2)....
It is common for a group of nations to come together to devise a legal framework that can safeguard marine environments. For instance, the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, 1992 (Helsinki Convention) was signed as an international agreement that stipulated measures for...
A political risk constitutes exposure to lose as a result of political conditions. For instance, political instability, change of government, military coups, and acts of terrorism may expose an investment to the possibility of loss. In the same vein, a business may lose as a result of the government acting...
Introduction The main objective of this paper is to analyze a policy paper of the US government. Specifically, the paper looks at the African Growth and Opportunity Act or AGOA. The analysis shall focus on history of the policy, its importance, implementation, impacts on business and society, and criticism with...
The recent shift in global climate attributed to greenhouse effects has led to the outbreak of communicable diseases. In the previous northern winters, European and Asian states experienced a remarkably serious outbreaks of H1N1 flu, and periodic outbreaks of SARS and Avian Influenza (Bishop, Murnane, & Owen 2009, p.15). Influenza...
Introduction Egypt has largely been recognized as a police state since the 1980s when President Mubarak got into power. He passed a law that gave the police unprecedented powers to arrest, detain without trial and even punish the public in a manner that they saw fit. These laws were initially...
As a computer scientist who regularly participates in research initiatives, I would like to express my support for the patent reform proposals. My support for the proposals stems from the fact that the old system is beaten up and has not adjusted to technological advancements over the past six decades....
Introduction Agenda setting is mostly a political process that is subject to the competing interests of the public and policy elites in governments. Various models explain the political influence on agenda setting and policy selection. The politics of the prevailing situation influence the design process; the policy option selected and...
The United States of America on behalf of its Government serves as a stimulator in case of reforms to be provided. Previous and current proposals go together in achieving the universal goal of the country in supporting the population with the well-organized legal basis of the reforms. This paper is...
Public policies have a great impact on the social, political and economic nature of a country. This makes it necessary for the policies to be seriously evaluated, analyzed and reviewed before implementation to avoid any negative consequences. Policy evaluation has the main objective of answering all the questions put forward...
Introduction The Government has a great responsibility of coming up with the right decisions and policies that are aimed making the life of its people better. Public policies affecting the citizens directly like those related to HIV/AIDS are very sensitive and all the necessary procedures should be strictly followed before...
Transforming the national health system is a phased process that goes through a series of stages to initiate and approve relevant changes. In many cases, ideas are the background for the implementation of specific initiatives at the local, state, and further, national level. The role of both individuals and groups...
Introduction The failure of most traditional policing methods that were primarily based on hierarchical structures, standardized procedures, and the use of motorized police patrol cars to combat crime, led to the awakening of the need to involve communities in the fight against crime. Although traditional policing methods, for example, team...
Introduction The merit principles are the public’s expectations of having an efficient, fair, and effective system free from political interferences, open to all people, and staffed with dedicated, competent, and honest employees. Most non-governmental and governmental organizations apply this precept during the hiring decisions to ensure that they do not...
Social workers are responsible for ensuring the well-being and health of people they support, as well as advocating for changes in society that better accommodate different individuals. Such an effort is especially important when dealing with issues of sexual abuse and trauma. As a social worker discussing the topic of...
The aim of this essay is to explain the behind the scenes actions from a book of my personal interest: ‘Police technology’ by Raymond Foster which contains a description of technological tools and forensics mentioned by Raymond, a retired law enforcement official. This book gave Raymond immense popularity due to...
Introduction There are not many books about the American prison system written from the perspective of an inmate. Michael Santos is a prisoner charged with convictions related to drug trafficking and is currently serving the second decade of his 45-year confinement. He managed to collect accounts of more than 100...
Introduction The Internet is an important source of information that provides limitless access to data for all individuals. The emergence and evolution of the given tool stimulated radical shifts in patterns people use to find facts needed for them and increase awareness levels. At the same time, in many cases,...
Abstract The goal of a research paper is to bring together different views, evidence, and facts on the issue of young unemployment in the context of Australian public policy. The research would include data and information from books, articles, and interviews. Public policy is an essential element in the context...
Companies today are critical role players in matters of public security policy. Their actions are often guided by the national and international regulations in the current era of globalization. The roles played by corporations may not be well understood as explained and argued by some authors. A statement by Briggs...
Introduction Community policing is a scheme that promotes governmental strategies that help in maintaining efficient use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively deal with urgent conditions that increase public insecurity issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. It involves collaboration between the police and the community...
Modern political campaigns are all about following social standards and strengthening democracy. Thus, there is a high need for the direct involvement of social workers in politics. The joining political campaigns give them an excellent opportunity to choose a suitable future leader who fits the social standards. During the period...
Today the Middle East is a vital region in international relations, determined by many political, military, economic, geographical, and demographic factors. On the one hand, it increases its value among other countries and makes people build long-term business relationships with its leaders. On the other hand, it leads to international...
Introduction As the head of the local police department, several issues have led me to think of implementing a community policing system. This system would integrate and emphasize on the interaction of the wider community towards curbing crime within the area. I have realized that the wider community can play...
The EU has long been considered to be a part of a broader geopolitical concept. Nevertheless, that vision may be revised in terms of several years if some of the current political processes continue to accelerate. The growing popularity of nationalist approaches, the migration crisis, and Trump’s decisions concerning NATO...
Over the past decades, the issue of federal government downsizing and funding ability shortage has become one of the most challenging aspects of managing state institutions. While some researchers claim the following tendency to be caused by the lack of proper resource allocation pattern in the governmental framework, others are...
Abstract President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act into law in February 2009. This paper aims at evaluating the impact the act had on homeowners and lending institutions on the loans they offer. The Act has provisions that affect businesses and individuals. It has introduced tax cuts, credit...
The political and economic global transformations are widely discussed nowadays, especially in the context of building the New World Order. This term is used in politics for various phenomena and forecasts for the future form of the world. Despite its various interpretations, the term is mostly associated with the ideological...
Emancipation Proclamation (1863) is an essential executive order signed by the United States President Abraham Lincoln. The document, which came into effect on January 1, 1863, covers one of the most serious issues of that time. It defines the rights and legal status of millions of enslaved African Americans on...
Privacy Policy Notice The privacy policy statement that will be developed in the following paragraphs is effective for all the officially registered and acknowledged web sites that are integral parts of, or are affiliated with, the company Kiddies Online, Inc. The purpose of this privacy policy statement is to inform...
An average American at the age of 18 can drive, vote, join the army, be sent to war, and be subject to criminal sanctions. However, the government insists that the person is not mature enough to smoke till the 21st birthday. There is neither a correct nor incorrect position in...
Cover Letter Dear …, I am writing this letter to discuss the impacts of global warming issues on California in the past five years. This letter’s objective is to alert local stakeholders in California on the direct impacts of global warming. Since Vargas is one of California’s Congressional Districts that...
Interest groups are organizations that share a common interest and aim to influence policymaking in favor of the said interest. Interest groups can represent both big corporations and public entities, such as unions or environmental organizations. They employ various techniques to influence the government to pass bills and legislation that...
Demonstrations & political violence in America: New data for summer 2020 It seems the present source is arguing that the demonstration activity in the USA is undergoing certain changes associated with an increasing degree of violence. Data regarding the latest demonstrations and political activity show that people are becoming more...
Obtaining a driver’s license in the United States has been a pressing issue for the country’s residents and migrants for ages. There have been many accidents and hundreds of thousands of deaths due to poor driving skills. Those who were caught up illegally driving explained that they could not obtain...
Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., & Bennett, T. (2014). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: A systematic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 10(4), 399-428. This article provides a thorough study of such phenomena as community-oriented policing (COP)....
Introduction Originally, the sphere of public law in the United Kingdom is regulated by the means of conventions, and this way is not constitutional. The fact is that, such regulation is regarded to be harmful for the entire legislative process, as well as for the democracy in the legislation sphere....
Abstract The policy of the White House often ultimately determines the vector of the state policies. However, due to the principles of separation of powers principle, political neutrality, and social equity, the United States managed to maintain political balance during the Trump presidency. For the most part, this was the...
Profit-making institutions constitute stakeholders whose collective efforts contribute to the financial success of organizations. Stakeholders of firms have distinct and uniquely adopted roles and responsibilities based on the professional background. Most importantly, these individuals have a direct or indirect impact on an organization’s financial success as guided by a Human...
Introduction At the end of 1994, the results of the multilateral trade negotiations also known as the Uruguay Round were rather impressive and fruitful. The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (also known as TRIPS or the TRIPS Agreement) was negotiated and introduced as a significant part in...
Young people make a significant and influential part of the population. Their participation in social and political processes can greatly determine their outcome. Nevertheless, it is known that youth usually do not seek involvement in formal political life, leaving it to the older generation (Earl et al., 2017). More likely,...
This current event analyzed in this post is the outburst of political protests in Chile in 2019, covered in the article linked above. Notably, the piece is published on an independent international news site that links to several sources from the republic of Chile. This implies that the media in...
Introduction Inflation is a persistent rise in the general price level. The increase leads to a considerable and prolonged fall in consumers’ purchasing power (PP) in an economy over some time. The loss of PP influences the overall living cost for the average household, which contributes to a slowdown in...
Public and Merit goods In a situation where business firms are found in a free market economy business entrepreneurs will only be aiming to gain in return of their goods and services. Therefore some services and goods and services essential to the society will not be provided forcing the government...
Abstract Striving to provide open, just and harmonious society, civil societies operate as a forced-backed structure distinct from those of a state’s political system, family and commercial institutions in which they practice. They embrace the diversity of spaces in social economic injustices, political grievances and power imbalances. Varying in autonomy...
The first article I wish to summarize is the abstract from The Power Elite by C. Wright Mills, which directly deals with the topic of power in politics. The article concerns the research that the author conducted about the American society and the interconnected interests of the leaders of the...
Risk and Resilience Framework for Child, Youth, and Family Policy The social policies developed in the United States within the past decades are aimed at facilitating positive and prosocial experiences and opportunities for young populations. More importantly, these policies are used to mitigate the risks and negative experiences the youth...
Introduction The United States is home to numerous parties which have various agendas and represent different peoples. Some of these parties cater for special interest of particular groups in the population and may hold extremist views. The New Black Panther Party falls under this category of parties. This paper proposes...
In the work entitled: “National Security Powers: Are the Checks in Balance?” Marybeth Ulrich talks of the purpose of the War Powers Resolution (pp.93-148). He states that it is to ensure that Congress and the President mutually share in making decisions that may get the U.S. involved in international hostilities....
The greatest contest between injustice and democracy finds its root in the minds of prominent activists who stand out to show the right direction towards achieving equity. The approaches given by Martin Luther King Jr and Aung San Suu Kyi have demonstrated from their time to the subsequent decades how...
Conflict of interest is a term used to describe a clash between a person’s desires as an individual and their work or obligational duties. When such a conflict arises, one’s credibility can be questioned or seriously damaged, as an inability to perform your tasks fairly because of personal bias is...
Issues to Address The freedoms and values of the Western countries have always been contrary to the Middle East ones. It is not surprising that the situation when a representative of an Islamic state challenges an official by emphasizing the differences between the mentioned cultures takes place. Notably, such an...
Introduction The focus of this essay is to identify and discuss the top Chinese and American interests in Africa and to answer whether these interests are compatible or competitive. With the use of categories as stated by Stolberg, the essay will look at the different interests that the Chinese and...
The United Nations is an organization with many different functions. However, its primary aim at the time of its foundation was to prevent wars by providing a forum for nations to discuss their disagreements. Since then, it has earned a reputation for being as ineffective as the League of Nations...
The job of a diplomat in the United States is extremely demanding as the stakes are always high. From Benjamin Franklin, who is considered the first diplomat of America, to the modern bureau of diplomatic security (DS), the professionals operating in this field are at the forefront of the events...
Introduction Volunteer organizations are significant because there are many homeless and economically disadvantaged individuals in every society. That is why the government, businesses, and engaged individuals take specific actions to provide this population with the required assistance. The modern world offers many options in this domain, and Goodwill stores are...
Introduction Currently, there are numerous contemporary policy debates in the United States. In this respect, this essay focuses on the immigration policy debates in the United States. It also focuses on the issue of democratic governance as the basis of bureaucratic ethics. Debates about the Immigration Policy The United States’...
At the end of the eighteenth century the U.S. history was characterized by a number of changes related to the political sphere of life. They were explicitly given in the reports written by Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers and the first secretary of the Treasury. In these documents,...
There is an increasing doubt regarding whether wellbeing programs are effective and worth it. Many organizations have established well-being promotion programs to help workers, yet it is not clear whether such initiatives are dependable. This paper explores the effectiveness and worth of well-being programs in general and in the city...
Policy and structural differences in American and Canadian Welfare system There used to be some point of convergence in the American and Canadian health care system before Canada deemed it appropriate to restructure her health care system. The United States spends more of its revenue on health care than Canada....
Introduction In the recent decades, several scholarly disciplines, as well as professional fields, have participated in search for the link between public administration and political issues. The most researched area has been the link between public administration and political agendas that define the goal of improving service delivery. This kind...
Introduction A private member’s Bill C-391 was passed in the House of Commons in Canada during November 2009 with the supports from New Democrats and from 18 Liberals. Now, the proposal has gone to Committee. If it passed, this Act will amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act (repeal...
Introduction For a long time, environmental issues have been a major challenge to policy makers and there has been need to identify measures that will help overcome the problems that arise which affect the day to day operations in the society. Environmental economics concepts help policy makers come up with...
The term public education means the mandated education offered to children by the government to the general public, be it local, regional, or national. It is provided in most cases by an organization of civil government and it is financed by taxes in part or whole. This term is most...
Introduction Political analysts on the global platform have increasingly questioned the motive of aid meant for development and growth purposes to the less developing countries and countries on recovery paths. The questioning comes after the revelation by the World Bank and the international monetary fund over the colossal sums of...
Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, or flowers of the hemp plant. Its other names include Mary Jane, pot, herb, weed boom, hashish, or gangster. THC delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is its active chemical. The effect that marijuana has on an individual depends on its...
Introduction Change is significant when part of the institution or team is not contented with the way things are going on. Globalization has brought fundamental changes wherein frameworks are being established and reference points are being displaced. Changes in the world’s condition enable the identification of zones of peace and...
Introduction It is a well-known fact that gun violence is one of the main causes of death among young people. For this reason, reducing the number of crimes is one of the urgent problems faced by the United States (Harriot). Recurring mass executions have changed the vector of public opinion...
Introduction Obamacare is the colloquial name of what officially is known as The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the Affordable Care Act. Saying that the introduction of Obamacare was a critical change is an understatement: today, it is recognized as the single most significant regulatory overhaul since Medicare...
Of the various policy evaluative criteria discussed by Kraft and Furlong, effectiveness and efficiency are most often discussed Policy evaluative criteria mentioned by Kraft and Furlong (2012) in the textbook include effectiveness, economic costs and efficiency, and the implications for social equity. Evaluation criteria are a part of policy analysis....
Did you know the U.S. has only 5% of the world’s population, it has nearly 50% of the world’s civilian-owned guns? About three million Americans carry loaded handguns every day. In fact, there are more guns than people. It makes perfect sense why Gun violence increases in the U.S. each...
Public policy can be defined as the choices by the government of what to engage in and what to leave out in matters concerning provisions of services to the public. The Public policymaking process covers many aspects like education, taxation, energy, social security, health among other areas. All these are...
Introduction The issue of drug endorsement and illegalization has attracted heated debate in many countries around the world. Can the side effects of some drugs such as marijuana can warrant their illegalization? Scholars of substance use and abuse are yet to agree on the answer to this question. For several...
The Policy-Making Process Five stages of the policy process The five main stages that make up the policy process and as brought out by James Anderson include identification of the problem, formulation of the policy, adoption of the policy, administration or implementation, and evaluation. The first stage, problem identification, is...
Describe the concept of public choice theory Public choice theory is an economic instrument applied in internalization and globalization (Engelen, 2007). It is an economic study of the nonmarket decision-making process while applying economics in political science. This theory analyses a system and provides the best information and incentives to...
Introduction In this discourse, the discussion is centered on public policy agenda where According to Patton et al., the logic of consequences that is often referred to as rationality provides the framework for selecting an appropriate decision out of different alternatives deemed to be the most suitable option for solving...
Policy Makers and Inefficient Decisions Sometimes it is very evident when a policy, although proven to be inefficient, is still implemented by the policymakers. In his article, Dur describes the reasons behind it and suggests different models confirm his assumptions. Dur argues that not the failed policy itself, but the...
Factors for Legalization After researching the issue, it is possible to make a conclusion that marijuana should be legalized based on the following factors: It is not addictive Several studies on the effects of marijuana have shown that it is not addictive and does not cause the same destructive behavior...
Today, the issue of drug use is not new. Some people believe that drugs are dangerous, others realize that drugs could be used for medical purposes, and some groups of people have not been able to develop their own opinions about drugs. Drug policy has become one of the most...
Abstract Public policy has an enormous influence, both on governmental processes and the lives of citizens. To come to the right solution, complex models are created to achieve a successful analysis of the decision, calculate possible benefits and risks, and work out theoretical data on the problem. The science of...
Step One Topic The paper aims at elaborating the topic, “reducing drug trafficking in the United States”. Limited topic In as much as the paper exemplifies diverse aspects, it is imperative to denote that fighting drugs from the origin, partnership, and initiating policy changes are crucial strategies that will eliminate...
