Introduction China has preserved a socio-political system that is rare for the modern international community: it is a socialist state. In 1954, the highest representative body of China, which is called the National People’s Congress, adopted the first Constitution. China’s political system has been divided into several levels due to...
Introduction Governments and citizens view public inquiries as a systematic method of exploiting evidence concerning incidences affecting a nation. The availability of methodical investigation processes makes the approach significantly reliable by the public. The involvement of specialists and a team of experts in inquiries, together with the utilization of lengthy...
Abstract Ethically, all public leaders have to strive to ensure proper public sector governance. Although the public often holds their leaders responsible for the implications of their governance, it is not a task that can be completed by one person. Due to this, it is common to find Boards that...
According to several scholars and theorists, Public Administration originated in the progressive era as the reform of government and society. During the 19th century, the system of the United States’ dual federalism was based on the American states (Johnson, 2003). However, states; principles of rights and sovereignty led to highly...
On August 5, 1949, a fire started on the south side of Mann Gulch due to a lightning strike. Four hours later, a 15-man smokejumpers team arrived to fight the fire (Reeves, 2019). Due to a change in wind direction, the fire increased dramatically, leading to an emergency among the...
Introduction In the United States, there have been a number of confrontations between established government policy and religious convictions. Christians in America have repeatedly thought that government policies contradicted their biblically-based moral values. During the 2008 economic crisis, there was also a lot of speculation about how the government handled...
As practically anyone can attest, bureaucrats do far more than push paper. They often make decisions that significantly affect how the legislature serves and regulates its constituents. Even though Congress has established the tax regulations, it is up to an internal revenue service agent to ascertain whether a single person’s...
The history and culture of Ireland, reflected in its independency, unwillingness to external influences, and difficulties in communication between individual agencies (in the past, districts), left a trace on the composition of Irish bureaucracy. At the same time, several historical and cultural factors (the Great Famine, for instance) brought the...
Major Types of Administrative Systems in France There are five types of administrative systems that are often outlined in the literature as fundamental political mechanisms to control the government. In Table 1, all five types of administrative systems are briefly compared and contrasted. Table 1. Major types of administrative systems....
Bureaucracy is one of the most controversial and provocative topics in political science. On the one hand, state officials apply this system of government to make vital decisions. It affects human lives and my freedom as an ordinary citizen due to imposed control and regulations. On the other hand, Greenberg...
Public administration is the activity of public authorities and their officials on implementing the developed plan to benefit society and strengthen the state. It exists to cognize public needs and interests, evaluate and structure them, set goals, develop solutions and take actions to practically satisfying them. Effective public administration, especially...
Introduction Public administration is a complex field that is shaped and developed according to the needs of people. The technical and political development of society changes the principles of interaction, which is also reflected in the approaches to administration and regulations. However, some of the fundamental principles have remained unchanged...
Introduction Non-governmental organizations and community leaders in many nations confront a challenging task: designing and implementing policies, programs, and systems that assist local communities in managing a wide range of challenges from terrorism to natural catastrophes. Living in a developed country is likely to face additional challenges such as aging...
The topic of public administration change is highly debatable in terms of future reforms. According to Agostino and Amoboldi (2015), the primary concern of current policy is the shift toward hybrid establishments that combines public and private organization. Moreover, the approach introduces new performance and public organization methodologies by controlling...
For this week’s discussion, we watched a Ted talk by Max Hardy, who went into an in-depth discussion of the role of public administrators in shaping and meeting community needs. Public servants and various government agencies are usually tasked with defining the needs of a certain community. Needs assessment requires...
Meeting Summary On the 18th of May, the Dover Public Schools (DPS) conducted a Board of Education meeting to approve financial reports and decisions and discuss organizational climate improvement initiatives and collaboration plans for the upcoming academic year. The current public health emergency contributed to selecting the virtual meeting format,...
Introduction The given analysis will primarily focus on the workforce planning practices and trends of the Australian public sector. Since many important and essential public services are delivered solely on the basis of government funding, the efforts in the sector revolve around cost maintenance or reduction, which implies efficiency. In...
Abstract Food security issues form an essential part of public administration because no government in the world is interested in creating an unfavorable domestic agenda. Therefore, food security should be viewed holistically as a situation in which everyone in the region has equal and easy access to food of improved...
Reforms marked the XIX century for several Eastern countries like Turkey and Iran, China, and Japan. Their study is essential and relevant today since such experience could become a tool for analyzing the reformist aspirations of modern humanity. It is precious for situations determined by the trend of rapid economic,...
Elderly people and people with disabilities form a significant part of the United States population, yet the funding available for the programs that address their welfare is insufficient. This is an unacceptable status as this makes the lives of these people more difficult than they should be. The government of...
Introduction NGOs are non-government organizations, which implies that they act independently of the government. These organizations receive the majority of their funds from private donations, which helps them be unbiased in their activity. The missions and visions of NGOs vary in different parts of the world due to cultural and...
At this moment, there are 254 counties in the state of Texas. These counties do not have the home rule government structure, and all county officials are treated as neighbors with the same tax system, court system, and public records. Some people believe that special districts need more authority and...
Coming up with an appropriate revenue allocation formula and budgeting technique in the public sector has been challenging for several local governments. Public sector budgeting techniques have to be in line with the country’s economic policies and consider the available financial resources and the expenditures and revenues. Morgan et al....
Recruitment in the public sector seems to be indeed a challenging task, as well as it is crucial. The legal environment concerning this sector is constantly changing and should be followed by the managers. Furthermore, the discrimination of employees in the staffing process and its impact have to be analyzed...
The government is responsible for ensuring the academic success of all students in the country. The government’s responsibility is to ensure all students access education and that education in the country remains qualitative, affordable, and safe. The most effective way of directly influencing education in the country is by creating...
Introduction Education is associated with numerous positive effects on quality of life, both on individual and state levels. Government Cooperation Council (GCC) has successfully facilitated an ongoing reform of education aimed at increasing its quality, which has already yielded positive results. However, in order to retain the benefits of the...
Introduction Being a statesman imposes a variety of special requirements on the leader. Gabris and Nelson (2013) claim that “organization development is an eclectic discipline that includes organization psychology, business management, public administration, sociology, and political science” (p, 477). The moral act of statesmanship calls to the personal qualities of...
Federalism is one of the philosophical governance systems that involves the sharing of administrative roles across different sectors. An excellent example is America’s distinctive stake between the federal and local entities. Although the strategy fosters prominence in completing specific tasks, it is a phenomenon that receives profound criticism mainly because...
Introduction The Australian government expected to enhance the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s quality of life by creating a Closing the Gap campaign. The expected improvements were related to health, life expectancy, education, and employment. Starting in 2008, this program set seven targets but met only two of them...
The 2016 wildfire of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, was a major natural disaster. It started on May 1 in a “remote part of forest southwest of Fort McMurray” (The Canadian Press, 2016). On the same day’s night, a local emergency was declared, and the first evacuation orders were issued (The...
Synopsis The Ivey Business School Foundation’s publication highlights the Institute on Aging’s decision to shift operations to consider revenue generation alongside the core mandate of taking care of the older people’s wellbeing. Through a number of measures adopted by the new chief executive officer, Tom Briody, several administrative alterations made...
Nowadays, the abuse of power, unfortunately, is not a rare phenomenon. There are many cases when a person or an organization achieves personal goals through its actual or perceived power. These happenings are especially common in the political sphere since there are more options to perform them. It is because...
Chapter 3 of the book focuses on public personnel administration and its relations to organizational performance. It provides fascinating insights in strategic human resource management, which encompass a wide range of roles for several employees responsible for planning and execution processes in various institutions. The section of the book highlights...
There is an increasing volume of literature on whether philanthropy is necessary to help the needy, especially in a democratic world. In particular, critics argue against philanthropy because it is a popular method that wealthy people and organizations use to evade tax or other regulations. Nonetheless, other critics argue that...
Personnel administration is essential since it entails employee recruitment, training, discipline, and personnel placement within an organization. Organizations have been encouraged to ensure that the personnel in public administration is adept in the field and does not practice any form of prejudice since it can impact the organization’s performance. Different...
Despite the fact that humanitarian workers are trying to help populations that experience a natural disaster, live in a warzone, or have other conditions adversely affecting their lives, these individuals are often subjected to injuries, kidnapping, or even death. According to Reiefweb’s (2019) statistics, 155 aid workers were killed between...
The “Oakdale Administrator” case study is a description of a new city’s administration actions and mistakes that the new Mayor Hoffnagel made in an effort to make the city’s citizens happy. The case study outlines issues that a town with a population of 5,000 people and a low median household...
Public employees should take a leave of absence from work when running for elective office. The desire for political leadership is considered a lawful reason for taking leave from the workplace. This practice is protected by federal law under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) enacted in 1993 (Nigro...
Introduction The US government legislation has led to the formulation of laws that impact educational institutions, especially in the area of academic performance. Government legislation acts mainly define how educational institutions functions and guides their operations. The legislation creates a standard of quality for learning and safety as well as...
Prostitution is regarded as one of the world’s oldest profession. Subsequently, the laws that prevent prostitutions are the government oldest forms of government regulations and discriminations. It is believed that in a free society such laws are biased since they curtail the freedom of those people that practice prostitutions. Prostitution...
Introduction Gentrification is one of the strongest accounts of the 21st urbanisation process, and the concept of Gentrification has informed the development of new urbanism. Gentrification is the process whereby the working classes in London have been displaced by the upper and lower middle class. In most part of London,...
Human resource management emphasizes management practices, policies, and needs. As such, oversight of organizational outcome and performance management are the main public personnel administration functions. For organizations to attain their goals, such as ensuring their services and goods are efficiently and effectively produced, they have to try and eliminate political-related...
Introduction Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated measures, government revenues have been falling, leading to budget deficits. To compensate for this damage, lawmakers have implemented funding cuts across various agencies, requiring them to work within the newly imposed limitations. Missouri’s schools are among the institutions...
This paper will discuss the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in terms of Anthony Downs’ “The Life Cycle of Bureaus” and Max Weber’s characteristics of bureaucracy. According to Downs, government agencies go through eight stages of development: birth, dominance by advocates, struggle for autonomy, struggle for support, rapid growth, deceleration,...
Evolving of National Response Framework Every hazardous situation places the nation and its residents at significant risk and disadvantage in accessing vital resources. To bridge the gap between national needs and disaster complications, national governments establish flexible, proactive frameworks that allow various institutions to intervene early during a hazard (Federal...
Introduction The issue of engaging and retaining millennials and Generation Z in the public sector’s workforce has attracted attention for the past few years. Scholars and experts believe that this group of employees pose specific challenges because they are harder to manage than older generations. Even in the media, the...
Plutocracy is a type of governance under the exclusive control of wealthy people. This concept has existed since the Roman Empire, in which the wealthy had the power to elect administrative officials and come up with new policies. Reich’s arguments illustrate that the wealthy have to exercise their power and...
Introduction The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is a comprehensive international treaty addressing women’s rights in political, economic, social, cultural, and family life (Zoelle 2000, pg 2). The treaty entered into force on September 3, 1981 and since then, 186 countries...
Introduction There have been growing demands for effective government management at all levels. Successful public administration is hinged on the achievement of efficiency and innovation in providing public goods and services (Hodgkinson et al., 2017). Successful public administration practitioners identify problems facing citizens effectively and provide interesting interventions (Shafritz &...
Every day all over the world there are emergencies of various scales. According to the Cambridge Dictionary (n.d.), “emergency is something dangerous or serious, such as an accident that happens suddenly or unexpectedly and needs fast action in order to avoid harmful results”. Thus, these phenomena require immediate liquidation. Elimination...
Central America is widely known for its conflicts and poverty of the region, as well as exclusion. The Central American Integration System (SICA) was established in 1991 as the restored organizational structure for Regional Integration in Central America. According to Bornemann-Martínez et al. (2017), SICA is a “relevant and complex...
Introduction Each employee of the United States has an obligation to both the country and its citizens. They are required to maintain unwavering loyalty to the nation’s constitution, abide by the stipulated laws, and uphold the ethical principles. This should overshadow the individual’s objective of public gain. The Code of...
Dahlia Damas The selected public administrator is Dahlia Damas, whom I personally know because she is a close friend of my aunt. She is in charge of administering the property of deceased people of the County of New York, who died with no will and have no one else to...
New public sector management is a concept that was developed in the 1980s and was aimed at transforming the old public sector management model into a more modern and effective one (Flynn 2012, p. 68).This concept has been operational in many industrialized countries where there has a dramatic shift in...
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) was founded on 15th May 1862 by President Abraham Lincoln. He began it for the sole purpose of improving the economy of the United States of America. It is one is of the federal executive departments in USA that transformed the lives of the...
Introduction The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law on March 23, 2010 by President Obama. It was essentially meant to allow all those living in the United States have insurance cover. For those who are not covered by the employer or government, and then they had...
Abstract Public safety is a vital obligation undertaken by the relevant government agencies while strictly observing the law. One is required to ensure that no unnecessary interferences are made to the public communication system that might cause insecurity or harm to the citizens. It is the role of the bodies...
Introduction In this report, the author focuses on strategies that can be implemented by police to reform the virtual departments. In the report, the author will apply several theories learnt in class to inform formulation of the strategies recommended. The author provides suggestions to similar agencies that are willing to...
Policy options available for Martinez In his position as a Budget Director for Chicago Public School (CPS), Martinez can develop various policy paradigms. First, he has the power to determine the budgeting framework to be implemented. Hence, Martinez should come up with a policy framework on whether to use the...
Introduction Effective enforcement of the Minimum Wage Ordinance has become one of the most important steps that governments have embarked on with the aim of ensuring that the rights of employees and grass-root laborers working in the city are protected. Studies point out that many employees’ payable wages at their...
Introduction The working force is the most important group of people in any nation because they are the drivers of the economy. These people are productive and they provide the highly required labor for production. However, a time comes when people cannot work anymore due to age factor. Income of...
Practicum and Policy Background The purpose of the nine-hour practicum was to gain knowledge about the role of legislators in the formulation and enactment of policies. This engagement was also essential to develop crucial skills in advocacy, which will be required for future practice. The attachment took place at Senator...
The policy suggested for adoption by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) can address the crucial issues pertaining to non-compliance with handling of guns. The Mexican drug cartels present massive predicaments within the American territory. They endanger the lives of many American citizens through their activities in the...
Introduction Economic development among societies is the single most important goal pursued by people across the world. Every individual, community, society and nation strives to achieve higher levels of development in order to avail higher and better living standards to the masses. The three most important parties in this development...
The Ombudsman receives several cases from the public against government agencies. In the past, the agency has investigated the Municipal Property Tax Assessment Corporation (MPAC) and other agencies. However, the case of the Hydro One is the largest case it has handled in the recent past. Consumers and taxpayers believe...
The Components of Criminal Justice System: Police, Courts and Corrections Criminal justice system in the USA consists of three major agencies, police, courts and corrections. These agencies are interdependent and have different history, goals and procedures, however, these agencies are closely interconnected. This interconnection is explained by the unity of...
Introduction Planning plays an essential role in decision making procedures that are carried out by governments. It is crucial in managing the relationships prevailing between systems of human nature and systems existing naturally by focusing on several aspects. Some of the crucial aspects in focus include environmental issues, culture, needs...
Introduction The medical services industry experiences some regulations at domestic and international level; the major role for the regulations is to facilitate the provision of quality medical services. The United States of America Food & Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA), is mandated with the role of protecting and promoting public...
Abstract The issue of gun ownership is often controversial in many countries. For instance, in the Unites States, the proponents of civilian gun ownership argue that carrying a gun would ensure the security of citizens and ultimately contribute to the reduction of the crime levels in the society. The opponents...
Introduction Max Weber advances the theory that rules are very basic in the administration of duties. In this regard, Weber strictly advocates for the respect of authority and laid down procedures when undertaking given tasks. This kind of theory is easily applicable to the roles of public administrators because in...
Introduction Public administration is basically a governmental role that prepares civil servants for the delivery of basic services to the public. The main function of public administrators is therefore to facilitate the smooth running of government functions and roles through proper management and upheaval of sound policies (Khan, 2008, p....
Executive Summary Over the past years the issue of cigarette smoking has posed a major problem in the society. Several attempts have been made to come up with a lasting solution but none has proven potent to solve the problem. This study attempts to assess the problem of cigarette smoking...
Introduction Stakeholders in development are personalities or organizations with vested interests in a process or policy development. Policy analysts have for a long time been conscious of the role played by stakeholders as well as the importance of an all inclusive approach to policy making by characterizing all the interest...
Introduction The Global Health Initiative (GHI) is a global health policy launched by the Obama administration. The policy looks at effort building activities that the US government proposes to implement over a six year period. The policy also provides mechanisms on the implementation of the health plan especially on how...
The research context The fall of 1980,s saw the emergence of a new concept relating politics to economics and finance (Roe, 1996: 45). However little research have been able to successful evaluate the link between finance and politics and hence it still remains a topic treated with lots of skeptism....
The impact of different constituents on legislation became a burning issue of the contemporary health care system as nursing professionals can influence the policy-making process with regard to their knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of different models and strategies. In this respect, it is necessary to talk about the...
Introduction Environmental safety, protection and management have been key issues that most governments have taken to safeguard the welfare of their people. There has been great emphasis to both public and private sectors to apply processes as well as encourage habits which are environmental friendly. To achieve this, rules and...
Introduction It is the primary objective of any government to protect the welfare of its people; the most important of them all being health. A government does this by setting up mechanisms that will ensure everyone in the society has access to health care and most importantly affordable healthcare. Insurance...
Introduction International Organization for standards defines environmental management system as that component of the overall management system within an organization that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, procedures, practices, and the required resources for establishing, implementing, obtaining, examining, and maintaining the environmental policy. Environmental management system enables private companies, the...
Introduction and history Stimulus package was formulated so as to counter the global economic crisis which had hit many countries across the world. This act is also known as the stimulus or The Recovery Act. The main aim of this act was to generate jobs, advance investment and the customer...
A law is passed whereby all reasonable efforts are to be made to reserve the effects of contamination of all U.S. Water systems. The President, acting through the Attorney General, forms the Water Contamination Control Agency (aka Agency) that immediately bans the discharge of any toxins into U.S. waters. Furthermore,...
Dr. Goodnough’s intent to become the City Commissioner in the City of Mount Clemens is based on the vision and goals of reinventing the city to address the needs of a diverse community. The vision is that Mount Clemens should develop as a city with a range of opportunities for...
Public administration is necessary for the adequate functioning of all spheres of human life, ensuring the safety of citizens and their property. Unfortunately, modern realities indicate that American society has moved far from this ideal. This paper aims to examine four cases of mine explosions in which dozens of people...
Introduction Police corruption is a serious issue in police departments that is not always easy to measure, and it is critical to recognize the variety of its forms. The purpose of the research paper is to explore the state of knowledge regarding this problem and summarize information on the different...
Introduction The Office of Health Safety and Security (HSS) is charged with a vital role in ensuring the safety and security of workers in nuclear weapons production facilities. It does this through policy development, offering technical aid, training, enforcing, and oversight programs. It operates under the Department of Energy (DOE)....
Introduction Following the current technological advancement and modernization, various countries are being faced by crisis in various aspects especially in the economic aspects. As depicted in the budgets of these countries, intensive stagnancy in various economic sectors has occurred as a result of adopting policies which inhibit their usual way...
Introduction In some states, there has been enactment of community rating ordinances that seeks to restrain the degree to which insurance premiums in the health insurance markets can change with an individual’s health status. The state passed laws that sought to increase insurance accessibility for individuals who have high-risk health...
Politics is a term that refers to the existence of authority and power, that enable the governing and influences the allocation of resources. It entails making a decision by a group of individuals in a collective way. It also plays a major role in policymaking. The administration is the state...
GAO (2009) has ascertained that there will be remarkable growth following the decision of the Base Realignment and Closure also known as BRAC, which will lead to significant growth in communities’ transportation systems. The initiatives of other defense will also add to the needs of the transportation. Growth of the...
Domestic policy is the critical area for the evaluation of any government as it influences all ordinary citizens’ lives and well-being. However, considering the current polarization of American society, it is incredibly complicated to provide a fair and unbiased assessment. Still, some conclusions are supported by most experts regardless of...
Introduction Nuclear Energy has found many positive uses worldwide. The use of nuclear energy has not only been to generate electricity but it has also been widely used in medicine and research. The process of nuclear energy production involves breaking up atoms through chain reactions which need to be monitored...
Introduction Presently, COVID 19 has been considered one of the worst diseases ever to emerge. The rate at which the disease continues to spread causes human suffering and devastated the global economy has continued to create several puzzling questions. The documented statistical data indicate that the confirmed Corona Virus cases...
Introduction Some people believe that Nuclear energy is the only source of energy that can meet the increasing energy demands especially in industrialized countries. On the other hand, others are concerned about the effects of nuclear waste on people and the environment. This waste is a radioactive material that comes...
Police Department The organization of police forces is very important in determining the effectiveness of the police. Leaders in police departments will play a vital role in ensuring that not only the organization of the forces exists but also that the forces are effective. The effectiveness of the police organization...
Introduction Regulation can be defined as a set of rules, norms, and mechanisms for their enforcement (Birch et al. 115). When it is done by the state, the objective is typically to steer socially important activities in the direction that would make them comply with the law. The subset of...
The process of running for a local political office may vary depending on the state and the office, but certain basics remain the same. If one belongs to a political party, it is usually a good idea to contact its local committee to discuss the idea of running. While it...
Social policy is a legislative and governmental effort to implement changes that benefit the whole society. Key features of the social policy include legislation, principles, guidelines, and activities influencing people’s favorable quality of life (Koffas, 2017). Social policy aims at benefiting different strata of society and, in this case, it...
The United States is one of the largest federalist projects, the administrative system of which is a point of special interest. It is fair to claim that intergovernmental relations define the government policy’s effectiveness on all levels: federal, state, and local. It is vital to understand the key concepts of...
Introduction Governance is a multi-faceted phenomenon that involves the parent organization’s management, the project’s suppliers/contractors, and the collaboration between them to achieve the shared outcome. In its turn, project governance can be defined as “the use of systems, structures of authority, and processes to allocate resources and coordinate or control...