Introduction A system of collaborative decision-making defined by a certain degree of equality amongst members at a crucial point of the process is “democracy” broadly. This description should be noticed for several things. First, democracy is concerned with making decisions that are intended to be binding on all group members....
Introduction The United States of America places a high value on liberty, as reflected in its foundational writings and cultural celebrations. De Tocqueville’s Democracy in America acknowledges that liberty cannot be taken for granted and needs to be constantly safeguarded and promoted. There have been worries in recent years that...
Introduction American democracy has been affected by various issues since time immemorial. During the 2020 US Presidential Election verification, an angry mob attacked the US Capitol (Li et al., 2022). The incident happened on the eve of admitting Trump’s defeat by President Biden (Li et al., 2022). The January 6th...
Free speech is essential in the community for expressing one’s opinions, thoughts, convictions, and beliefs. Furthermore, free speech permits individuals to genuinely engage in democracy and the development of society by discussing problems that impact citizens’ regular lives frankly and publicly without fear. However, excessive freedom of expression in some...
Platforms for social media enable people, businesses, and brands to create personas that represent and connect with potential consumers and subscribers. Personal information is shared by users of these social media platforms that have been, in some instances, like the Analytica scandal. These cases have raised concerns about the security...
The philosophy of Marxism represents a complex amalgamation of interpretations of the conflict between the working class and the bourgeois. As a result, the interpretations of the Marxist theory also vary quite wildly. Skocpol’s idea of Marxism as the combination of social and political forces driving the change is quite...
Political instability and conflict are major challenges that many Middle East countries continue to experience. Muslim extremist groups and military invasions by other countries have made the Middle East’s political environment hostile to good governance (Marks & Bell, 2019). One of the countries greatly affected by conflict is Iraq and...
The capitalist ruling of the world has been criticized and condemned for a variety of reasons, but the violent pursuit of its goals has been at the forefront. Often revolutionary movements went along with the violence that destroyed national ideas and identities. Capitalism began to lead societies because it achieved...
Introduction In the era of the Cold War between the two large political camps, namely the United States of America and the Soviet Union, the tensions were omnipresent. In the context of the dominant views that opposed any manifestation of the anti-democratic approach, such streams of opinion as McCarthyism appeared....
Progressives Characteristics and Examples A fundamental characteristic of a progressive individual seems to be an awakened sense of fairness. According to Roosevelt (1913), a progressive individual is a person of faith, not a religious man, but rather one who believes in justice, righteousness, and goodness. The progressive individual stands for...
Introduction Administration refers to a form of acts and mandate that manages a state, territory, or other legal subdivision. The administration controls setting and implementing communal protocols and security, international programs, wealth, and social utilities. Even though all administrations have identical obligations, they are conducted in various processes depending on...
Communist society was formed primarily to eliminate capitalism, which was regarded as a social class system that misused workers. The employees who were misused established class-consciousness, causing class conflict that was resolute by revolutionary struggle. The public raised against the bourgeoisie and created a communist society. The founders of communist...
Over the past centuries, the world has experienced an evolving pattern of patriarchal practices. There is constant change in human societies and the way they operate. The concept of patriarchy refers to the overall manifestation of male dominance over women and children in the community. However, in the current world,...
Introduction Slavery was a formal institution in the United States until the American Civil War and the eventual implementation of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. Abraham Lincoln – the 16th President of the United States – played a vital part in the abolishment of slavery during his...
A caste system is an extreme example of stratification, a social structure that includes several mutually exclusive populations; it is one of the extreme forms of social discrimination based on class, ethnicity, or culture. In societies with a caste system, membership is determined at birth and remains the same throughout...
The three articles discuss democracy in America as achieved by the various groups. According to Madison (1961), large republicans offer more safety to property from the social complexity they produce through their diverse factions. He asserts that society is divided into two groups: the majority who lack property such as...
Political parties serve various functions, some of which strengthen democracy. Interested candidates join parties that align with their goals and ideologies. Similarly, citizens vote for aspirants who belong in political parties they feel will best represent their interests. Parties run and organize elections, recruit and nominate candidates for elective positions,...
The imperialist intentions of the USA and Europe have had a cardinal influence on the modern world. All countries without exception fell under the influence of imperialism and the division of the world. That is why it is considered very relevant to study the issues of imperialism, as they reveal...
Introduction Left-wing policies support social equality, redistribution of income from the poor to the rich, and the abolition of the class structure. When communist parties emerged from the most radical wing of social democracy, they were also considered leftists. The left has traditionally advocated the expansion of democracy and political...
Security for freedom and vice versa is one of Western civilization’s longest and oldest ideological disputes between public figures and thinkers. I believe that this philosophical conflict comes from ancient Sparta and Athens’s economic and political confrontation. The digitalization of all human processes and activities has provided societies with anonymity....
Propaganda has always been a powerful tool in the hands of any government, especially during wars. In her article The American Wartime Propaganda during World War II, Mia Sostaric discusses how the United States used a rather unusual appeal to promote the war to Americans: the comic books. Using the...
One of the most important and influential concepts that have changed the human world is capitalism. It is impossible to overestimate the influence and importance of capitalism on society, economy, culture and science. Capitalism is one of the social and economic developments existing in the world. The history of its...
Introduction Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the world has seen significant growth in liberal democracy. The simultaneous development of globalization has led to the rapid sharing of cultures and general diversity around the world as political and economic ties grew. Democracy was thriving as individuals saw...
If one is tasked with finding the most influential text of European modernity, then Karl Marx’s (1848) Communist Manifesto would be a top contender, if not a certain winner. The impact it had over the history of the 19th and 20th centuries is hard to overstate. Even today, though the...
The radical republican reconstruction plan was a set of measures put in place after the American Civil War to ensure that African Americans would have equal rights. These measures included passing the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the constitution, as well as creating new civil rights legislation. If I...
Abstract This study aims to explore the impact that Hindu nationalism has had on desecularization in India. Four research questions underpin the current investigation. They explore the roles played by Indian political movements in creating a unified vision of the state, the influence of rising Hinduism sentiments on the country’s...
Introduction The current President of the United States is Joseph Biden; he is the American leader, and one may compare it with the “ideal prince” described by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1532 in his work The Prince. The times are different now, and probably not all descriptions from there will be...
Every nation is remarkable, and one’s devotion to their country characterizes their personality. As a citizen of the United States, I have been raised with a commitment towards my homeland and, although I am only in high school, I recognize the significance of representing and protecting our people. To me,...
It is well-known that social democracy is a political ideology that aims to provide people with social, financial, and political security, equal opportunities, and justice, as well as build a society that can adjust to changes. Social policy describes a governmental plan that has the goal of reforming or improving...
More than 200 years of development of original American federalism has led to a very curious situation. In the 50 states, which, in accordance with the US Constitution, have their own broad rights and powers that do not contradict federal law, local laws vary greatly. It is necessary to consider...
Introduction George Lakoff overturns family relations on the internal political life of the state and fills bureaucratic mechanisms with feelings. Such an attitude towards politics helps people feel not as a soulless, indifferent detail in a vital mechanism but as a personality embedded in political and social institutions. George Lakoff...
Zombie Marxism by Gonzalez (2021) This essay recaps how Marxism haunts Europe and the whole world, unequivocally depicting Marxism as a global threat to the American narrative. According to Gonzalez (2021), successful modern Marxists understand that economics does not determine all human actions, and the internal contradictions of capitalism will...
Social campaigns usually strive towards a particular goal, and liberation movements, for example, aim to free specific groups from discrimination and obtain equal rights. For example, the primary purpose of the 1950s and 1960s Civil Rights movement was to eliminate racial segregation in the United States at that time (OpenStax,...
Islamism is a political movement that seeks to impose Sharia law in Muslim-majority countries and, in some cases, globally. Alternatively, Islamism refers to a range of ideologies that seek to apply Islamic principles to public life. There is no one single definition of “Islamism,” and the term can be used...
Confucianism is characterized as a social organization and morality system than a religion. There is no belief in a higher being or supernatural powers in Confucianism. In addition, it is built on the ancient religious foundations that seek to establish social values, institutions, and transcendent ideals within Chinese society. It...
Although the classical and reform approaches to liberalism have certain parallels, they are vastly diverse and have different perspectives on the function of law. Civil freedoms should be protected by the rule of law, according to classical liberalism. The bulk of classical liberals thought that the government should have little...
Pluralism is a political ideology where power is shared among different groups in society. It implies the decentralization of decision-making to people from diverse backgrounds who hold a variety of opinions. In a pluralist society, rather than an elite of people, relatively small but independent groups contribute to the running...
Realists and constructivists commonly discuss the concept of the identity of states. Using the realist standpoint, one should understand what is real and possible for a particular situation. In other words, it is important to accept reality as it is, with all its pros and cons. Constructivists, in their turn,...
The Democratic Republic of Congo is repeatedly considered one of the poorest states in the world by different rankings. Along with that, according to Transparency International, the DRC is also among the most corrupt states in the world. Although there are many possible causes for poverty, the great diversity of...
Federalism is a political and legal mechanism that protects local communities from the tyranny of the central government. Federalism is a means of democratization since it allows the population to participate in the political process at several levels of government. It is a method of increasing the efficiency of public...
Democracy is a political system based on the principle of the people’s collective will, through which all important decisions for the community are made. However, to make an informed choice, vote for the most helpful candidate for the country, support policies, or resist destructive trends, it is necessary to have...
Introduction Progressivism is the support and advocacy of social progress in society through reforms that often go against society’s traditional notions. As a philosophy, it is based on the idea of progress, which argues that advances in science, technology, economic development, and social organization matter for the improvement of human...
A plethora of government structures and concepts merit scrutiny and investigation. Federalism is one of the systems and concepts that make up these systems and ideas. Federalism is a complicated system applied in some countries. The flexibility to share power and meet the demands of students is only part of...
Ideology is the frame of reference through which an individual sees the world. Ideology is roughly defined in sociology to be the total sum of a combination of values, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations. Ideology exists in the community, in organizations, and between individuals. It influences our ideas, behaviors, and relationships,...
The phenomenon of ideology is ambiguous; until now, experts in the field of political science and political philosophy have expressed different points of view on the issues of defining the boundaries of ideology and ideological relationships. The existing definitions and interpretations of the very concept of “ideology” often contradict each...
Indeed, there are many imperfections and vulnerabilities that democracy as a political system has. When certain factors of democracy are abused or overemphasized, this may lead to the deformation of democracy into other forms of political ideas such as ochlocracy or oligarchy. Therefore, it is essential to identify imbalances in...
Inequality in society relates to societal relationship processes that restrict or degrade a group’s social standing, social class, and social circle. Accessibility on the right to vote, freedom of expression and assembly, the breadth of property ownership, education opportunities, health care, decent housing, traveling, communication, tourism, and other social services...
Egalitarianism is a concept based on creating a society with equal social and civil rights for all members. The principles of egalitarianism underlie the programs of various political parties. Egalitarian democracy aims to achieve political equality. Egalitarian politics presupposes equal participation in the political process, equal representation, equal protection of...
Although the Founding fathers may have been right concerning the citizens’ engagement with politics at their time, I believe that now such a premise is not true. Indeed, the longitude public surveys in the U.S. conducted by such companies as Pew Research Center and Gallup reveal that approximately 50% of...
The economic system now corresponds to capitalism, which affects all strata of society, making huge gaps between them culturally and socially. Since humanity has gradually come to capitalism, one cannot put responsibility for these developments on anyone. However, there must be a critique since moving away from this economy to...
One of the main concepts in democratic theory is equality. Countless scholars theorize about the impact of inequality, especially economic and political ones, on democracy. Increasingly, contemporary theorists discuss egalitarian democracy as a necessary development course for the current social structure. Egalitarian doctrines emphasize that people should have equal opportunities...
It is no secret that Karl Marx was the defining figure of many European scientific disciplines such as history, philosophy, economics, and political science. He developed many original political-historical and socio-economic ideas and even proposed his own conceptual system explaining critical civilization processes and events. His philosophical model, namely historical...
Ideas are generally defined as claims about the normative legality of some actions, causal relationships, and world descriptions. They play a critical role in human conception and usually drive actions and interpretations. Organized ideas about a topic are typically referred to as conceptual frameworks and visualize the relationship among various...
The history of politics is abundant with various theories and ideologies that seek to present their views on how the society and its economic production and exchange should be organized in a better manner. Some of these concepts, such as capitalism, arose naturally as a result of historical changes; others...
After World War Two, the US became an economic superpower with global influence in political, military, cultural, and technological affairs. This growth intensified the fight for economic justice and civil rights, which aligned with the communist theory. This group gained popularity because of its growing membership, ideology, and funds from...
Introduction Authoritarianism is commonly portrayed in Western media as an emptily negative, detrimental, and dangerous political system of governance. As a basic definition, authoritarianism is a form of government characterised by power being concentrated in the strong central government, most usually around one individual who is the political leader of...
There is a great extension between the developed world and the developing world’s political idealism. The political situation envelops the key leadership in developing their key developmental strategies. Much of the realism emanates from ensuring its citizens can meet their basic needs. To be termed a developing world means a...
Introduction The term “anarchism” usually refers to general principles and fundamental concepts. These aspects often provide for the abolition of the state and the exclusion from the life of the society of any political, economic, spiritual, or moral authority. Unfortunately, to date, there is no consensus and assessment regarding the...
Traditionally, the South was predominantly Democratic. However, a strategy implemented by Republican candidates like Richard Nixon and Barry Goldwater led to a shift that transformed the region into a Republican stronghold. Three main factors played significant roles in that shift, including the “Southern Strategy,” economic growth of the Sun Belt...
When it comes to issues, beliefs, and philosophy, the Republican and Democratic parties do not share the same opinion. Generally speaking, both Republicans and Democrats support the programs of their respective parties. In-party consensus applies to particular concerns such as economic, healthcare, and immigration policy. Republicans support strict immigration restrictions,...
Introduction The concept of democracy, notwithstanding its ever-growing topicality in the modern society, is not as easy to explain as it may seem to be. In one respect, its meaning as the power of people is familiar to the vast majority; on the contrary, it is exclusively semantic and provides...
Introduction For the last two decades – since the fall of the Suharto regime – Indonesia’s political life can be considered fairly active. Indeed, while the autocratic New Order period was characterized by the lack of political and religious freedoms and human rights violations, the reformation era represents the restoration...
Introduction The recent trends in global freedom have raised concerns about the future of democracy. The Freedom Report records that the global freedom index has constantly declined in the past fifteen years. For the most part, the democratic space is filled with autocratic leadership. In the past few years, the...
The adoption of regulations to restrict entry into the United States is aimed at prohibiting the admission of people who committed violations of immigration policy. This issue concerns persons with a criminal record, violators of immigration laws, those who committed forgery or provided false information to obtain a visa, persons...
Introduction Although the idea of a coherent and consistent national character is rather old-fashioned and questionable, the notion of national style has proven to be of much more validity. As a clearly defined social and political construct, it manages to clear up at least some of the confusion and chaos...
While discussing communism, the question arises: why exactly did East Germany become the place where the experiment on the realization of the Marxian utopia of building a communist society was destined to occur? It is essential to understand that there is no definite answer to this question. As the author...
Introduction Throughout the centuries of states’ existence, various political ideas and movements have emerged to represent people’s views on how a state should function and in what ways people should interact. In this regard, national identity has played a significant role in forming political, social, and cultural environments. Despite the...
The American Solidarity Party (ASP) is a Christian Democratic political party in the United States that offers special provisions in life and family, civil rights, economics, civic engagement, public service, foreign policy, immigration, and the environment. According to Solidarity Party Platform (n.d.), the party advocates the recognition of the sanctity...
The objective of this work is to demonstrate possession of the necessary competencies to apply the knowledge gained during the course. It is required to conduct a hypothetical analysis of one of the problems in the business and economy of the United States and propose a solution based on the...
Evo Morales (Left-Wing Populist) When Morales took office in 2005, he formed a coalition involving miners, peasants, indigenous peasants, and landless peasants. He ruled using left-wing populism by promoting social and civil rights. He made a call that focused on democratic revolution and socio-cultural development (Kohl, 2010). During his reign,...
Topic Reflection on the statement, “Human imagination and divergent thinking, born out of their political, social, and cultural context, lead to new ideologies which reflect the course of history.” Research Question How does the political, social, and cultural context influence the emergence of ideologies? Thesis Statement People’s opinion is influenced...
Introduction The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 booklet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Manifesto summarizes the philosophers’ theories about the nature of politics and society. It also features Marx and Engels’ ideas of how the capitalist society would ultimately be replaced by socialism. This essay will...
The Communist Manifesto is a document by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels describing the goals and methods of the struggle of communist organizations against the capitalist class society. This work emerged in a collaboration between the two authors, culminating in the publication of the first version of the Manifesto in...
Peruvian economist and writer Hernando de Soto has spent decades researching the economics of the developing and post-Soviet world. In Lima, Peru, he founded and became the head of the Institute of Freedom and Democracy (ILD). In the video The Power of The Poor, he gives examples that refute the...
Nowadays, the U.S. is more divided politically than ever before. Thus, it is essential to study this process and explore its causes, one of which is neoliberalism. It is an entire economic paradigm that the U.S. entered during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. The speaker in the video states that...
Political speeches can be perceived as an instrument intended to help a public figure to translate their thoughts and aspirations to a form that could link communities together. Politicians and their audience would then pursue a common cause and follow the language and symbols displayed by the given leader to...
Social democracy is one of the three forms of welfare capitalism presented by political theorist Esping-Andersen. The social democratic regime is also known as a universalistic system, where the state offers welfare to maintain high standards and promote equality at all levels of society. There is no division to access...
The president has the authority to regulate commerce and other businesses in the country through the issuance of Executive Orders. They are issued from the white house straight to the Executive arm of the government to act accordingly. It is a compulsory requirement and affects the country’s law. From Trump’s...
Background The concept of capitalism described an economic system, or in Marx’s (1867) words, a “mode of production” that is based on the private ownership of means of production (p. 41). The main idea of capitalism is that the purpose of the means of production, i.e., property utilized to produce...
I think that reading about the Chilean popular unity government program was both especially interesting and informative. In the United States, ideas of socialism and redistribution of power have always been intrinsically connected with totalitarian regimes and the red scare, meaning that the overall impression regarding social countries is not...
Having got familiar with Hernando de Soto’s viewpoint on communism, it seems clear that he considered most promises of the left empty and illusory. De Soto was a straightforward follower of capitalistic ideas and fought hard to address the issues concerning poverty among the same believers as him. Overall, Hernando...
Introduction Navy officers of the United States and service members have long accepted the senior enlisted community’s particular power to command, which connects these teams and is important to the achievement of Navy missions. Despite this, little has been published on the organization that makes the Chief Petty Officer’s cadre...
Before discussing how my participation in Indonesian politics can be evaluated through the lenses of the Christian Worldview, it is important to mention that the latter is not a fixed set of rules. Indeed, Bible is quite open to various interpretations, and therefore there is no unity in opinion on...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that almost each person and every society has particular ideas, thoughts, beliefs, or views on how this world or their country should work. Without these principles, it is impossible for any order to appear. All people “have views on the ‘correct’ form of government,...
Democracy is a term that is applied to describe the political system of government, an idea and concept based on the principles of popular power. The word “democracy” has an ancient Greek origin because it was there that the main ideas of the democratic concept of governance were formed and...
The era of the Red Scare was difficult due to the constant fear of communism within the United States. Senator Joseph McCarthy and his policies that shaped the term “McCarthyism” were a central point in this confrontation. They resulted in the crumbling of numerous careers due to the questions on...
Nationalism, socialism, and capitalism are three central concepts that Indonesian political and social life revolves around. As for the former, the country experienced significant growth in nationalistic sentiments since the end of Suharto’s rule and reached its peak in the middle of the previous decade. As such, new Indonesian nationalists’...
The source’s ideological perspective demonstrates that adherence to democratic principles might be challenging and result in unpopular decisions criticized by the majority; moreover, following the selected course demands courage and destination from a leader; however, this devotion and readiness to remain honest can be rewarded measuring outcomes and accepting the...
In the U.S. political setting, the creation of law is preceded by the development of a bill. For a bill to transform into law, it must pass several critical stages. Namely, seven steps are typically outlined when discussing the transformation of a bill into law (United States Senate). First, a...
The question of Aboriginal rights in Canada has received little attention from the public and policymakers. As such, the majority of Canadians are oblivious of the pertinent issues that affect Aboriginals in terms of land ownership among the Natives, greater autonomy, and self-governance. The issue of Native sovereignty is sensitive...
National identity underlies the formation of many modern states. Identity has historically been called upon to unite people, mainly in opposition to other dissimilar communities. This is the duality of this phenomenon – on the one hand, it generates cooperation and political power, and on the other, it leads to...
It goes without saying that as a particular economic system, capitalism has already become an intrinsic part of modern Western society that affects millions of people. Capitalism has four fundamental features that include the existence of companies, a competitive market, the goal of making a profit, and the ownership of...
Immanuel Wallerstein emphasizes world systems more than nation-states in several issues such as politics, history, sociology, and others. He discusses the world system as a social reality having nations, households, firms, social classes, and others interconnected. He also explains the critical moments in developing the modern world system through the...
In his TED talk, Joseph Nye argues that the “tectonic plates” of power in the world are shifting. In particular, the speaker singles out two overarching trends that define global politics today. Firstly, it is a power shift from West to East, and secondly, it is the diffusion of power...
One of the questions I think is important in the citizenship test is “who makes laws in the United States?” This is an important question because laws govern society, and it is essential to know who makes them. In addition, people applying for a US citizenship must understand the legislative...
The modern epoch of globalization cements the ties among national economies that influence each other increasingly more seriously. Therefore, it is becoming critical to examine the principles different states rely on to reach economic prosperity. This can be done effectively with the Variety of Capitalism (VoC) approach. Its multi-dimensional framework...
Introduction African politics remains a unique subject that provides unique and powerful lessons to more students and leaders. The continent is characterized by many countries with unique processes, aspects, ideas, and goals that are different from the ones recorded elsewhere across the globe. The region is characterized by countries with...
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations is a work which ultimately allowed people to become familiar at least at a basic level with how free-market economies work. The concept of the “invisible hand,” which Smith described in the book, outlines how individuals can unknowingly contribute to society’s well-being through personal efforts....
Liberalism and Marxism are comparative theoretical perspectives on human freedom that has sparked debates in education. However, differentiating between the two models is challenging. Liberalism involves the ideology, political construct, and philosophy indicating that a person’s freedoms form the legal base of the society and economic order. Liberalism aims to...
