Introduction Employment and social protection are factors that enhance the health of a given population. Countries that have high rates of employment and advanced social protection programs improve the health conditions of their citizens. High rates of unemployment significantly affect the health of the population since people are unable to...
The US government should be allowed to continue tracking and reading the emails, Facebook posts and websites of its citizens in order to protect them against terrorism. National security remains a critical issue in the United States. Citing the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers on 11 September 2001 and...
Introduction Many countries have been hesitant in adopting e-government systems for fear of changing the traditional ways of operating. Further, countries that have undertaken these technological functions are struggling with challenges like acceptance and trust issues from their citizens. Thus, this essay seeks to discuss the various strategies for citizen...
Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, it is not copyrighted, but is the property of the United...
Introduction There are many methods of settling and managing conflicts. Some of the non-violent means of managing conflicts include negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration. In adopting the use of the aforementioned methods of dispute resolutions, the main facilitating tool is a sufficient communication mechanism. Negotiation is aimed at achieving a...
In the year 1973, oil accounted for 46 percent of the world’s total energy. By the year 2005, its share had heavily declined by 35 percent. Basically, Oil is the blood of the Earth. For over 100 years, the United States has been the leading oil manufacturer in the Diaspora....
Introduction “In an age of globalization, issues relating to international business and law are of great importance to managers and business professionals around the world” (Gupta, 2008, p. 1). The above statement underscores the increasing importance of international business law in today’s business environment. The current business environment is intensely...
Examining the Issue of Enforceability in Regard to the Recognition of Authority One of the inherent problems in the enforceability of international and local mediation outcomes is the recognition of authority without prior precedent, consent or agreement between the interstate actors involved. This means that an outcome that has been...
Introduction Law enforcement misconduct emanates from police officers who are usually charged with the duty of maintaining law and order within a criminal justice system. Most jurisdictions usually take police misconduct as a very gross matter bearing in mind that it significantly weakens the entire criminal justice system. It is...
Comparative statistics/Computer statistics or Comp stat is the process through which crime data and other police performance measures are collected, analyzed and mapped on a regular basis with the aim of enhancing performance of police managers by holding them accountable on the basis of these data. In other words, it...
Nowadays, modern society puts a number of challenges on police and policing. In the conditions of the ever-speeding up process of globalization people have special needs in securing their safety, security, liberty, freedom and guarantying their rights. In the following paper, the major challenges that modern society places on police...
Engineering has several departments, and one of them is an information technology (IT). This department has matured to become an independent industry. The information technology industry manages information by the use of computer software and telecommunication. The responsibility of this department includes retrieving, storing, protecting, and processing information. The police...
Why it should be changed? As far as the legal drinking age is concerned, individuals can not drink or smoke until they are 21 years. This means that the law prohibits any engagement in such activities until that acceptable age. As much as the legal drinking age is 21 years,...
Introduction The misuse of public authority for individual gain remains a major problem in most parts of the world if not all over the place. Throughout history, the United States has witnessed countless related cases involving individuals who misused property and authority for selfish interests. Several government officials have continuously...
Introduction Affirmative action in procurement is aimed at empowering the minority groups and women. Several affirmative actions in procurement have been put in place, to stop discrimination, inaccess to economic resources and, to improve the economic status of minorities and women in regard to employment, growth, education and business ownership....
Policy options available for Martinez In his position as a Budget Director for Chicago Public School (CPS), Martinez can develop various policy paradigms. First, he has the power to determine the budgeting framework to be implemented. Hence, Martinez should come up with a policy framework on whether to use the...
Introduction This paper aims to discuss and analyze the impact of culture and diversity on law enforcement. It will explore the presence and extent of cultural diversity in law enforcement agencies, especially the police departments. Finally, it will seek to determine whether there are issues that are emerging on cultural...
Goal or mission statement of the organization To generate strategies and problem solving tactics that will address the immediate conditions giving rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. Community policing is the connection between police and citizenry, who work together on safety involving...
Introduction The parliamentary legislative process ensures that bills are debated before they become acts of parliament. The bills are drafted and then presented to parliament. The legislative process can be categorized into pre- legislative scrutiny, legislative scrutiny and post legislative scrutiny. In some cases, the bill is presented by the...
Merriam-Webster (2011) defines absolutism as “a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers” (Para 1). Under absolutism, the dictatorial power has no restricted powers. This means that the dictator’s power has utterly no checks. As Clapham posits, “The absolutist system believes that the ruling...
Introduction Los Angeles International Airport is the main airport which serves the greater Los Angeles Area. Los Angeles is the second most populated metropolitan area in the United States. The airport is usually referred by its IATA Code LAX. It is located in the South Western Los Angeles neighboring Westchester....
Introduction Political and economic instability in the Horn of Africa (HOA) has proliferated threat networks that deny safe passage to the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb, endanger local populations, and threaten to spark a war. A missile fired from the coastline struck a British naval ship, causing 12 casualties. The HOA...
As the matter of fact, labeling is an essential part of the human nature. People usually stereotype not only nations but also particular groups based on occupational, race, or religious characteristics. The labeling approach is commonly used in the criminology and research of the deviance (Lilly, Ball, & Cullen, 2015)....
Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are involved in the diplomatic relationships since 1971. However, the increase in development of the bilateral relationships is observed since 2003, and for the past decade, the significant progress has been achieved in the multiple areas of the countries’ collaboration. In the last...
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Open Door Policy Communication is the fundamental key to the success of any well-developed company or organization. However, the implementation of the open door policy has some advantages and disadvantages that should be taken into account. The open door policy allows the employees to express...
Public safety is one of the main reasons that influenced the philosophy of community policing. Community policing involves organizational strategies that utilize partnership to find a solution when public safety is threatened (Peak & Glensor, 2008). Community policing is divided into three main strategies which include community partnership, organizational transformation...
Introduction Effective enforcement of the Minimum Wage Ordinance has become one of the most important steps that governments have embarked on with the aim of ensuring that the rights of employees and grass-root laborers working in the city are protected. Studies point out that many employees’ payable wages at their...
Introduction Charitable organizations can be seen as those firms that are involved in community welfare activities. Charitable organizations do not have any profit motives in their activities. They are purely non-profit. The main goals are directed towards philanthropic activities. To optimize the benefits to the public through its activities, every...
Introduction The world has witnessed a wide range of efforts to promote free trade throughout history. While there are several reasons, which contribute to this phenomenon, it is worth noting that the realization of secure trade liberalization has always been the driving force. However, several debates have been tabled about...
Introduction Many countries of the world have been faced with security threats for a long period. The United States of America has been a target of many terrorist groups both from within and without and effort has been made by the government to enhance homeland security. In particular, the terrorist...
Introduction NGO refers to a range of varied organizations. NGO as a terminology was formulated by the UN. In most cases, it is associated with organizations that are working independently without government influence or guidance. Such organizations are not driven by profit objectives. “The World Bank defines NGOs as private...
The police department has faced numerous changes in its recruitment process of personnel. However, the Greenfield Police Department’s hiring process has not changed over the past decades. The outdated hiring process has its consequences on the overall performance of police officers. One of the effects of relying on the outdated...
Introduction General deterrence indicates that “the public will not engage in crime due to the fear of being prosecuted and getting severe punishment” (Harcourt, 2013, p. 4). Communities and societies use deterrence measures such as punishments to prevent deviants from committing various crimes. Fagan and Meares (2008) indicate that “a...
Introduction Lately, there has been increased demand for private military contractors due to the global security threat. Private military contractors are people employed by private military companies. These people offer security services which are akin to those offered by the military department employed by the government, but in a limited...
As of today, more and more people grow to realize that the current confrontation between Russia and the U.S. accounts for one of the most pressing issues of modern times. After all, one does not have to be a genius to understand that, if allowed to continue gaining a momentum;...
Introduction In the course of social evolution and globalization, people and nations form a consensus that certain practices can no longer be acceptable. Examples of such practices include slavery, physical torture, and capital punishment. Much progress has been made to end such practices. In fact, most countries in the world...
Introduction People cannot operate without police officers both public and private security officers because they help in enforcing law and order. Therefore, when police are present in any community, people get a certain sense of security by knowing that their lives and property are secured. As a result, every government...
A Directive by the European Union council is a binding legislative act addressed to a specific member state or states requiring them to achieve a certain goal. Once a member state adopts a directive there is a clear timetable that guides its implementation and the expected results. In this case two...
Policing has always involved the police and civilians. However, for closer and engaged involvement of the public, the concept of community policing is necessary. For a community-policing program to work effectively, certain managerial and technical know-how and skills are critical. The community-policing concept creates a team of official police officers...
Introduction Regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the WTO regime are reciprocal trade agreements between two or more WTO members. RTAs started proliferating in the 1990s and so far about 511 notifications of RTAs have been received by the WTO as of January 2012. About 319 of them are believed to...
Article 12 (1) of the UNICITRAL Model law requires an arbitrator to disclose without delay any circumstances that are likely to give rise to justifiable doubts as to his/her impartiality or independence. This is an obligation that continues till the end of the entire arbitral proceedings. The practical difficulties arbitrators...
D2.1.The work of the police officer implies the participation in a great number of events important for the further development of society and its beneficial functioning. Moreover, these very events comprise the main part of the job of a police officer, and it is vital for him/her to keep in...
Introduction There is a settled law that no assets of foreigners can be expropriated by a country without sufficient compensation regardless of the purpose for which i.e. public purpose or otherwise, the assets are taken. Originally, until twenty-five years ago, disputes before courts and academic debates centred around standard compensation...
The WTO was established as one of the outcomes of the Uruguay round of multilateral trade talks in the year 1995 (Hoekman, Mattoo and English 2002). The Uruguay round of multilateral talks was concluded in 1994 following eight years of complex and contentious negotiations. These talks are a major landmark...
Utilization of prohibited drugs remains to be a severest health issue in the United States, and the ‘War on Drugs” persists with no end near (Saxe et al., 2006). Estimations by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) demonstrate that, in 2002, illicit use of drugs cost the US...
Corporate governance is described as the structure by which business organizations are organized and managed. The accepted standards of corporate governance include facilitating the practice of shareholder privileges and impartial treatment of shareholders; acknowledging the needs of other stakeholders; describing corporate conduct that is moral and merged with reliability; describing...
Introduction The Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is a body that ensures that accounting practices by government agencies are of high standards (Granof & Wardlow, 2010). This is accomplished through ongoing research in different areas of the accounting discipline, and particularly those that pertain to government entities. GASB has a...
This paper will focus on studying the sentencing and correctional system in the United States of America. It will center on different models of punishment and possible correctional alternatives. The paper will pay specific attention to contemporary issues in the correctional system. The emphasis will be made on the organization...
Intelligence-led policing involves collection and analysis of information with an aim of detecting suspicious activities to help prevent criminal activities (Ratcliffe, 2008). In the US, intelligence-led policing has been used to fight car burglary, terrorism, and other forms of crime. Intelligence-led policing is an emerging field in the department of...
Abstract Programs for preventing crimes have existed in the US for many years. The designs of the programs are based on the understanding that crime prevention should be proactive instead of being reactive. Programs on crime are designed to influence the quality of life in the society and to ensure...
What if you received two 25 to life jail sentences for shoplifting? It surely sounds like a ridiculous practice that may occur in some distant authoritarian regime but has no place in the United States judicial system. However, that is a sad possibility under the three strikes legal provisions originating...
Introduction One of the theories concerning the origin of the governmental state of the society is the theory of the social contract. Although philosophers gave a lot of thought to the questions of how society should function, and what the ideal governor should be like, back in the ancient times...
Introduction Crises comprise an integral part of human life. They have existed since the beginning of life. People faced the need to address various critical situations and assist individuals in diverse settings for many years. Nowadays, crisis intervention has developed into a definite practice that aims at preventing disasters or...
Death Penalty The issue of capital punishment has caused a lot of controversy in Maryland, at the start of the 21st century. The General Assembly accused the courts of being biased against African Americans and stated that the execution of the innocent might become a real issue (Decther & Smitherman...
Background The decision-making process through which public health policies are made in the United States can be separated into distinct phases, each with its objectives, operating guidelines, motivating factors, and set outcomes (Longest, 2010). Although these phases are exceedingly interactive and interdependent, it is possible to delineate and describe them...
Introduction The question regarding the separation of powers in the Great Britain remains one of the most discussed and argued of the modern times. The vast majority of scholars are sure that the structure of the British legislative system is based on the division of powers. The nature of the...
Increased use of informants, intelligence as well as surveillance targeting major offenders has made the police to adopt crime fighting philosophies which make them more effective in fighting crime. These include Intelligence-Led Policing, Community Policing, Problem-Oriented Policing as well as CompStat Policing. Intelligence-led policing focuses on risk assessment as well...
Introduction Since regaining independence over two centuries ago, Haiti’s economic and political development has been crippled by the pervasive impacts of enormous public debt and the imperialist institutions of the former French colonial rule. The extractive economy and the oppressive and enslaving colonialist policies inflicted widespread inequalities in the country,...
Introduction There exist various forms of protectionism that are used by nations to restrict trade. Among these forms of protectionism, one of them, which is common, is imposing tariffs on the imports of a country. The definition of a tariff is given as “a tax imposed on imported goods and...
Introduction International business law is an extremely critical element in today’s business world. It can be defined as the law that governs international business and all activities associated with it. International business on the other hand entails any profit-oriented business association that is conducted among different countries / across borders....
In this paper, Joe Nocera details Republicans’ move to cut the Food and Drug Administration’s budget despite the latter’s broad new authority of ensuring food safety, a move that will have several consequences on the FDA’s activities by crippling its activities. In writing the paper, Nocera has a clear thesis...
Introduction The Adjutant Generals Corps is a branch of the United States military whose mandate is to provide a wide range of services including administration, support to military commanders and provision of personnel. They also oversee tracking of military promotions and awards, guarding profiles and personnel records and enhancing communication...
The purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act is to restrict business entities from forming cartels and monopolies that could hinder fair market completion. Monopolies and cartels harm competition by manipulating trade, supply and in extension, controlling market prices. Competition in the market is encouraged, but there are factors in the...
Introduction The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, can be defined as “the premeditated and planned taking of a human life by a government in response to a crime committed by that legally convicted person” (White 1). It is, perhaps, the most controversial aspect of law enforcement. To...
Introduction Death penalty is considered one of the extremely volatile issues in America. The debate on the subject has caused a lot of divisions in the America society. There are those who consider it as a justifiable mode of punishment that can deter crime whereas others consider it a form...
Police Strategy Assessment Police are important people in the community. They help in enforcing law and order in all their endeavors. They have a distinctive hierarchy that help in channeling pertinent issues. The chain of command starts from a police constable and sergeant who are stationed in one station. The...
The last two centuries have witnessed the birth and the evolution of the police force. Initially, the police physically beat and executed criminals. However, from the 1970s, there were efforts to input professionalism in the force. In addition, the commune adopted a central role in policing. The integration of the...
Computers have transformed the world because analysis of problems can be done in a click of the mouse. Computers enhance efficiency and accuracy since computerized data can be verified easily without wasting a lot of time. Computers save on time since data get organized in a way such that it...
Introduction The members’ states of Gulf cooperation council have endowed with abundance of natural resources and this has made most overlook issues relating energy efficiency materials and strategies to have renewable energy. The members’ states of Gulf cooperation council give preferential treatment to investors in the energy sector who hail...
The article written by Galassie (2006), describes the development of a new human resource program for the new units, the Brigade Combats Units. These new units aim at developing a new modular army as a result of major reconstruction procedures of the United States Army forces. Due to the turbulent...
The use of force is one of the issues that are continuously debated by many lawyers as well as journalists. Very often, the decisions of law-enforcement officers can give rise to controversies. This paper is aimed at examining how such a concept as police discretion can be applied to this...
Introduction Although most policing activities take place in private, away from the public’s view and knowledge, they make special demands on police decision making in a manner that sets the context for broader relationships between the police and the public (Alpert et al. 1; Gorringe, Stott, & Rosie 111). Today,...
Background Information United Airlines is one of the leading airlines in the United States. The corporation was founded in 1926, and it is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The estimated revenues of the business are more than the US $38.000 billion annually (“United: Corporate Fact Sheet” par. 3). In spite of...
Introduction In the modern society where every country is forced to respect sovereignty of other countries irrespective of their military capacity, soft power is becoming the best answer to countries that seek to remain influential in the world. Hayden defines soft power as “a persuasive approach to international relations, typically...
Introduction Since the mission statement of the Richmond International Airport is to “provide access to high-quality, safe air travel services for the citizens of Central Virginia and through its air travel and related facilities, to serve as the catalyst for economic development of the region” (n.d., para. 1), it is...
Introduction The working force is the most important group of people in any nation because they are the drivers of the economy. These people are productive and they provide the highly required labor for production. However, a time comes when people cannot work anymore due to age factor. Income of...
Introduction The dilemma of the use of force is not uncommon for the police of the US and all over the world, and yet there are no universal guidelines for this aspect of law enforcement activities guidance (National Institute of Justice, 2015). The analysis of existing policies and guidelines can...
Introduction Prevention of police misbehavior is no simple task. Discussions can be held and penalties can be imposed to help prevent cases of excessive force and abuse of power, but such measures do not guarantee a positive result. Steps for detecting potential misconduct might include observing anti-social behavior in police...
Introduction Turkey is a country with an estimated population of 77.7 million people, and a workforce population of about 20 million people. The country has been undergoing some trade and economic reforms in the last two decades that are a primary reason for its growing commerce and increase in its...
Introduction The purpose of this research paper is to analyze various aspects, including history and evolution; responsibilities and functions; and organizational structure of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA). The government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia established SAMA in 1952 as its central bank. History and Evolution of SAMA...
Introduction A country’s economic stability or instability is determined by various factors in the economy, which guide the economic goal of a country. Various scholars and researchers have developed economic concepts used to explain both the macroeconomics and microeconomics of individual countries. The following discussion analyzes different economic terms and...
The issue of the policy brief is the exploration of the United Arab Emirates application of good governance, precisely soft power as the means of promoting itself in international media as a model of good governance in order to respond to the false accusations against the United Arab Emirates in...
Introduction The practical measures taken to fight criminals include strengthening the agencies tasked with the implementation of the law, setting up the necessary bodies, and ensuring that organized crimes are investigated and prosecuted accordingly (Gregory, 2009). The strengthening of operational capability entails various measures such as combat training. The common...
Introduction Healthcare is one of the vital pillars of a country’s economy. Provision of health services to the citizens is necessary for the implementation and realization of a country’s strategies and economic goals. In this regard, the thriving of a nation is influenced partly by the state of its healthcare...
Introduction The world today that is divided into continents has been further split into territories that are under jurisdictions of authorities that run and manage the affairs of the specific territories. These territories are marked as states. The types of territorial rules differ from one state to the other depending...
The government of Saudi Arabia came up with a policy to prevent smoking among its citizens. For instance, the government restricted smoking in government institutions and public places. The government did this under a royal decree; the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) made this possible. Secondly, the policy prohibited people under...
Employee Attitude The attitude developed by employees determines the way they perform their duties in the organizational setting. Poor attitudes may be a recipe for poor performance since attitude is the main influence on motivation, which directly influences the employee output. Positive attitudes lead to higher levels of motivation in...
Probation and punishment in the form of staying in the correctional facility can be discussed as the effective measures to punish the criminals under specific conditions. To guarantee that defendants can avoid recidivism and develop potential for their future life, it is necessary to create the positive conditions for probation,...
Behavioral management theories address the issue of human participation in organizations. They work on the assumption that satisfaction at the workplace results in improved performance (Robbins & Judge, 2013). The author of this paper holds that behavioral management takes into account some aspects of McGregor’s theories X and Y. In...
The current financial transaction carried out by a nation with other countries across the world is measured by its current account balance. In addition, it is crucial to mention that a nation that borrows from other global partners might operate its current account in deficit. This implies that its position...
Introduction In many countries around the globe, public-private partnerships (PPP) are becoming increasingly common to provide a wide range of public infrastructure. These include transport networks and public institutions. This study specifically explores the transport sector. This is the category of infrastructure that has received the highest number of ventures...
One of the most peculiar aspects of the post-industrial era is the fact that, as time goes on, a number of ‘developing’ nations that belong to the so-called ‘Second World’, continue to grow ever more influential, in the geopolitical sense of this word. The validity of this statement can be...
Summary The great Recession of 2007-2009 laid deep penalties on the real economy and revealed the incompetence of the leading economic system to solve this crisis. Along with many other side effects, the Great Recession exposed the inherent weaknesses of the euro project pertaining to its institutional and policy defects....
Practicum and Policy Background The purpose of the nine-hour practicum was to gain knowledge about the role of legislators in the formulation and enactment of policies. This engagement was also essential to develop crucial skills in advocacy, which will be required for future practice. The attachment took place at Senator...
The shares of several foreign companies are listed on the various stock exchange markets in the United States. Such companies often use sets of accounting standards that are different from the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Before the year 2007, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandated such companies to...
China and the Global Politics of Regionalization At a time when the regionalization of China has a great impact not only on the eastern part of Asia but also on other parts of the world such as Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, it becomes necessary to examine economic...
Introduction The United States Constitution, Bill of Rights decrees that persons should submit to neither unreasonable seizures nor searches from law enforcement agents, except for provisions presented for probable cause (Beckham, 2011). This directive is existent under the Fourth Amendment, and is the supreme Search and Seizure Law. Nevertheless, Beckham...
Introduction During a long period of time, the US government tried to develop an effective drug policy which could respond to the expectations of the state authorities, specialists in the health care and criminal justice spheres, and the American society. Thus, it is important to note that the drug policy...
Lewis, Provine, Varsanyi, and Decker (2012) aimed at determining the reasons underlying the disparity in police involvement towards enforcement of national immigration laws. This article adopts the approach of a research study, but the methodology, which, usually, is the gist of any research process is lacking in various aspects. The...
The problem The number of people incarcerated in prisons across the world has increased over the last couple of years (Alinejad & Nazarinejad, 2015). This has led to overcrowding, a phenomenon that has raised a great concern among the interested parties. According to the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), overcrowding...
The author asserts that China has emerged as a crucial global player especially in terms of economic development. However, its magnitude of influence can hardly allow it to be a super power. The writer is also quite categorical that the type of power portrayed by China is only partial and...
As a concept, persuasion does not carry any particular character, it is neither a positive nor a negative, but it is extremely useful. Today, persuasion can be found everywhere. It is a part of advertisement campaigns, attention raisers, social events, health care policies, teaching strategies, and, of course, political competitions....
