There are two legal documents of vital significance to American history: the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. While both share some similarities, they also differ drastically in goals, formulation, and context. As per the Articles of Confederation, they were the first documents created on July 12, 1776, to establish...
The article titled “Pritzker ‘Fair Tax’ Would Allow for Double, Triple Taxation on Same $1 Earned” was written by Adam Schuster. It was published in Illinois Policy on 8 July 2020. The proposed Fair Tax amendment to the state’s constitution was initiated by Governor Jay Robert Pritzker in 2019. He...
Introduction Although almost all modern countries have written constitutions, most of which formally conform to liberal-democratic principles and speak about the rule of law, the level of well-being, and other significant circumstances, the lives of people in these countries are very different. Although the U.S. Constitution was focused on federalism,...
Abstract American federalism is dualistic — along with the subordination of states to federal law, there is an interstate equivalence. Verticality justifies Federal bodies’ supremacy over municipalities, as set out in the First Principle of the Supreme Court. On the contrary, historically, U.S. subjects have sought to achieve equal rights,...
Introduction The Supreme Court is an institution of great significance in the administration of justice in the government. It deals with cases that are mainly based on the interpretation of the Constitution. Cases that are heard and determined in the United States Supreme Court can be from any of the...
Sarah Bryner wrote the report that analyzes racial and gender diversity among the 117th congress members to discuss the election fairness and challenges faced by the candidates. The latest Congress is the most diverse in terms of race and gender, and it is the achievement of nationwide respect for equity...
Introduction Policy formation is a crucial part of a government’s regulatory activity. Well-implemented public policy can create opportunities for individuals, promote cultural growth, and even save lives by regulating certain industries. Policymaking is an involved and complicated process that has many variables from nation to nation. This essay will discuss...
Despite the success of the export economy, the countries of Latin America went through catch-up development. All this led to the weakness of Latin America’s foreign policy potential and its subordinate position in international relations. Within countries, the workers were intensively struggling for their rights, which led to the emergence...
Politics of Turkey This section of the readings examines the Turkish political system, which seeks to reconcile many choices in this complex society. Some of Turkey’s dilemmas include balancing economic liberalization with statism, security with democracy, and the Islamic faith with secularism. These alternatives make it challenging to answer whether...
Democracy is a form of government that stresses the common people’s ability to participate in political processes. The reasons to emphasize democracy and promote its further spread are numerous and relate to its links to the situation with human rights. Democracy aims to put a stop to systems in which...
Taking into consideration the particularities of the US legislation system, there is a strong necessity to explain the issues of the Supremacy Clause should be explained with particular examples from the legislation and the judicial practice. Originally, the Supremacy Clause of the US judicial system is stated in the Constitution...
Introduction The issue of white-collar crime, as Friedrichs (2009) argues, has always been much more complicated than dealing with usual, or ‘conventional’, crime due to many reasons. First of all, white-collar crime is more difficult to investigate because its committers are often protected by their official positions, personal, business, and...
Introduction The presidential power has considerably expanded since the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It involves a number of reasons, including changes in political culture, executive branch precedence, the expansion of the Federal Government and its agencies, the modern world’s emergencies, and partisan politics. The current essay aims at describing...
Before the beginning of the presidential election, the Republican and Democratic parties have significantly different demographic profiles. Throughout political events and presidential elections, the general outlook and political profile of two major parties are contrastingly different than ever before. Republicans and Democrats established little common ground between the two political...
Introduction to Hong Kong The sovereignty of Hong Kong was handed over to the Peoples’ Republic of China in 1997 (Wong, 2002). However, Hong Kong continues to maintain an independent system in most of its sectors such as taxation, accounting and auditing. This implies that Hong Kong has separate sets...
The U. S. Political System The U. S. political system is widely understood through two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. It is also essential to mention that other minor parties shape the political context of the country. The largest minor parties include the Green and...
The Constitution of the United States of America separates judicial, executive, and legislative powers into three distinct branches. The idea of the separation is to ensure a balance so that each department of the government works together with the others. The system is present on all levels: federal, state, and...
Structure of the Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is a complex system of branches, which, in turn, consists of agencies, administrative units, and other boards. The integration into a single mechanism is a successful way of organizing power and providing the convenience of control. Before the...
Bureaucracy is a specific system of governing presupposing the use of a certain body responsible for decision and policy-making. It can also be viewed as a framework where the majority of important decisions are taken by appointed officials supervising various areas. The given type of system is defined to maintain...
Introduction The country that will be described later in this essay is called Aristotia in honor of Aristotle, who was the first to describe three main government styles. Aristotle is located in the South American region and has access to the Atlantic Ocean. The new government, in the form of...
The selected country experiences hard times because of the prolonged period of dictatorship and multiple cases of power abuse. The devastation in all spheres of social life preconditioned the need for change. The country is located in the Middle Eastern region, which introduces specific geopolitical and cultural factors that should...
Checks and balances are procedures that prevent the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the U.S. government from abusing power. For example, the legislative branch makes laws, and the president, the representative of the executive branch, can veto them. At the same time, Congress, the legislative branch, can override presidents’...
Introduction After the Great Depression and, later, during the 1970s, the government’s functions have expanded significantly, covering almost every imaginable aspect of individual lives. For instance, one would need a government’s license to become a private tutor or construct a new building on their property (Harper & Leicht, 2015). The...
Introduction The Stafford Act is a federal law in the United States meant to bring assistance to victims of natural disasters at both state and local government levels by reinforcing the efforts of both the local and the state governments. Its main intention was to encourage the local and state...
How dictatorships come to power in Latin America: the main causes/actors Latin America is full of rulers who seized leadership through military coups. Thus, dictatorship has become a part of Latin America history ever since the times of revolutions. Some dictators created stability, whereas others only created repressive regimes. Some...
American culture, legislation, economics, and other systems each have some specific notions that are known as a part of the American identity. One of such aspects is the idea of intervening in the face of injustice. The USA is the country where any individual can express his or her position...
Introduction Latin America has remained a region characterized by fragile democracy and political stability. Fortunately, the forces experienced across the world have supported the establishment of regimes and governments that are more democratic in this part of the globe. However, various governance challenges continue to affect most of the countries...
Introduction As the primary stakeholder, the Scottish government played a crucial role in financing the project. The government was also mandated, via its devolved body, the City of Edinburgh Council (CEC), to supervise and monitor the implementation of the project. The CEC sought to better execute this mandate by dividing...
The United States is a republican country headed by a president who is elected by the citizens. It is guided by the American constitutional system consisting of three branches, which are the judiciary, legislature, and executive. The government was formed based on the aristocracy, monarchy, and democratic form of power....
Introduction The possession of powerful leadership qualities is one of the outstanding strengths of competent leaders. Followers consider or prefer individuals whose competencies and abilities can transform their lives and eventually make them successful. William Jefferson Clinton’s achievements as one of the most famous American presidents are attributable to his...
The political system of the U.S. is a federal presidential republic that consists of fifty states and the Federal district of Columbia consisting of 50 States. Congress is the highest legislative body and is separated into the House of Representatives and the Senate. President embodies executive power and is the...
Government bodies, whether it be the executive or legislative branches of government, have always attracted much attention. In democratic countries, the desire of society to know about the people they have chosen to rule the country is entirely natural. In the realities of the United States, one of the bodies...
Introduction Abu Dhabi and Dubai are two of the three members of the greater United Arab Emirates alongside Sharjah. The federated states heavily depend on oil exports though they are moving towards manufacturing, service and international trade at a dramatic pace. The emirates are headed by President Sheikh Kharifa who...
Introduction This paper seeks to detail the differences in theory and reporting between government/not-for-profit accounting from for-profit accounting. The paper will also attempt to make out the differences in the classifications of accounting. Analysis and Discussion Organizations as classified according to purpose The differences between not-for-profit (NFP) accounting from for-profit...
Connecticut is the first state on the modern United States territory to adopt its Constitution, effectively declaring independence from the colonial policy of England. Established in 1639, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut became the basis for developing the state’s legal system, which has survived to this day. The amendments and...
Governments should become more efficient with tax revenue instead of increasing it unnecessarily. The main reason is that current technological advancements and capability for data analysis enable the given institutions to find the most effective solutions for the underlying issues. Increasing tax revenue is plausible only if the government is...
What is a state? Political science has defined the “state” numerous times, but researchers have not come up with a universal definition yet. However, one of the most widely used definitions of the state belongs to Max Weber. He defines the modern state as a “human community that (successfully) claims...
Introduction The last few years from the 1990s into the early 2000s have witnessed rampant growth in the sports sector in the US. According to Ayele (2002, p.1), sports have become an important element of tourism. Most countries are competing to hold sporting events. As a result, there has been...
The United States government consists of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The Constitution’s separation of powers was established to ensure a checks and balances system. This way, the power is not concentrated in the hands of a few, and the entire political system is not monopolized. The purpose of...
The U.S. Constitution explicitly establishes branches of the government with their purposes and powers. The Constitution has primarily the function of establishing the government and its three distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and outlining the system of separation of powers and checks and balances that limit the power of...
Following the 1999 Columbine High School massacre in Colorado, schools have implemented new safety protocols. Annual spending on protection and surveillance systems has reached almost $3 billion; educational institutions regularly conduct training on behavior in extreme situations (Doll, 2015). Nevertheless, since 2011, incidents involving school shooters have occurred there on...
The USA’s government is tasked with providing affordable and inclusive education to its citizens. However, the effectiveness of implementing educational policies is still in question. Over the last decade, the funding of government institutions to meet the educational expenditure demands has not equitably provided equal access to basic resources in...
Money is an essential element in politics as it enables supporting political candidates and parties. The Center for Responsive Politics provides unbiased data on the role of finance in policy-making in the U.S. (“Our Vision and Mission”). This entry analyses the sources of funding for California’s Senator Kamala D. Harris...
In the reading selection, “Security and Freedom,” Nicholas Kristof argue that after September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the US, President Bush steamrolled the civil liberties of some people, especially Muslims. According to the author, Americans have created a tradition of jacking up security at times of crisis. For instance,...
Over the past ten years, Turkey has become a confident player on the world stage. But unfortunately, Turkey is gradually turning into an authoritarian regime due to the policy of its president Reijip Tayyip Erdogan, who makes most of the decisions. Erdogan was first elected in 2014 and then re-elected...
Introduction The American president is one of the most powerful leaders in the world. Presidents in the U.S. campaign for office rely on their policy agendas which outline their objectives for the course of their term. The president is the head of state and the executive branch and has the...
The idea of expansion has been prioritized by the EU since its emergence for obvious reasons. The inclusion of new states that can amount to a powerful force regulating political and economic relationships in Europe allows enhancing the impact that the EU produces, as well as the scale of the...
The United States of America is one of the strongest and oldest democracies in the world. In the eighteenth century, Americans managed to gain their independence and proclaim the basic principles of their governance that are still applied. These norms and values are the ground for the primary laws (the...
Cybersecurity is becoming an increasingly crucial part of the defense systems of any government. Many countries have different tactics and methods for fighting off cyber attacks. The responses to such malicious activities vary from diplomatic decisions to sanctions and conflicts. For example, the U.S. strategy aims to deal even more...
The Coronavirus pandemic is a newly defining global health crisis. The virus is proving to be the most significant worldwide challenge since World War II. As a health crisis, the outbreak can potentially create crucial economic, social, and political challenges. The government and other relevant policymakers are to ensure the...
Introduction The Department of Energy (DOE) is the body of government that oversees and funds research into high energy sources that include nuclear energy, fusion energy sources, and high energy physics. The department provides over 40% of funding into these research programs for graduate students, principal investigators, and other researchers...
The separation of powers is based on the division of the tasks between the independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The power is separated to “prevent tyranny” and “ensure that no government institution nor official gains too much power” (Nelson, 2019, p. 681). Professionalism and ethical principles apply to the...
Introduction Setting up a new government in a country from scratch requires a lot of planning and thought especially if the country is one which has several religious factions. The dilemma is deciding the best system of government that can be adopted to allow the citizens to be involved in...
Introduction There are two main types of political systems in the world. These include presidential and parliamentary systems of government. In the understanding that no political system can be perfect, both of these political systems have their own benefits and disadvantages and, in some instances, share some commonalities. Whereas that...
Functions of Legislature in Different Government Set-ups The main role of any legislative arm of government is to amend and formulate laws. For most governments, the legislature’s role is usually defined by the constitution. The legislature is mainly comprised of elected representatives and is therefore assumed to be inclusive of...
The United States government has put effort to discourage and prevent unethical behaviors and practices in public offices. The government has a code of ethics that promote integrity in governance. This has lead to the attainment of skills that recognize and address decisions which make the citizens confident. Specific guidelines...
Introduction It is necessary for countries to interact with each other on a formal basis especially now that globalisation has made this phonomenon innevitable. Countries interact with each other based on their interests in other countries such as trade, security, aid and other natural resources that facilitate the smooth running...
Introduction Political parties are organizations formed to attain political power in governments. This is usually achieved through an electoral system where they campaign and are elected. Sometimes they get there through protests and outreach. Parties usually have their vision in a written form with specific goals to be achieved; political...
Introduction Modern democracy provides competent government structures which are satisfying the needs of their electorate or the people. Presidential and parliamentary methods are existing forms in democracy. One can see the different types of legislative process, administration of government, and judicial systems in democracy. Canada and USA are federal nations...
A political party is an organization that is formed by individuals with specific ideologies. It is formed to address specific issues in a given region. Individuals who are members of political parties defend the party’s values and or platform and also contribute to the party’s welfare (Wordiq par.1). The two...
Outline Laws and regulations are important for a country to be able to run well. Such guidelines are usually compiled and written under the constitution. The constitution defines the kind of leadership and powers that are to be executed by the various leaders and the rights of the citizens. However,...
Introduction The oldest democracy in the world is United State Democracy. This was set up in 1789. At that time all, the features were not as democratic as they are at present. The US is a Federal system. Federal means that the power is divided into two parts- central/national government...
The judiciary in the US and the UK functions in different ways, however, they both claim to be anchored in democratic principles. The procedures in the American and British legal systems are complex. To the concern of this paper, the adequacy of the judiciary is discussed only in so far...
Introduction This paper seeks to discuss the relationship between the US President and Congress. It will also answer the following questions: Why does each need the other? What conditions affect the success of the president with Congress and Congress with the president? This paper takes the position that the Office...
Identify the principal actors in the contemporary international system and discuss their roles in determining the stability and the instability of that system. To a great extent, the contemporary international system is considered over-simplified. This is mainly because even as the nation-state is considered a creation of modernity, most states...
Introduction: The difference in the Republican and Democratic Perspectives on Immigration in the USA The problem of migration of the citizens of other countries to the territory of the United States of America has been a legal issue addressed by the US government for many years. The question of legal...
Public sector refers to the body of management charged with the responsibility of providing services to the public in a universal manner. This body is usually the State or the government of a State and it utilizes taxpayer’s money in the provision of the services to the public. However, some...
The nature of the paradox found in this country respecting the public service The nature of the paradox found in Canada with regards to the public service is that, most Canadians view the state as having both positive and negative influence. The first part of the paradox is the negative...
Discuss the differences among the concepts of nation, country, state, government, and nation-state. Examine the growth in the number of nation-states in the international community since 1648. Discuss the proliferation of states since World War II. Consider the large number of nations in relation to the relatively small number of...
The case study “Saudi Arabia: Modern Reform, Enduring Stability” by Vietor and Forrest presents a comprehensive review of social, economic, political, and cultural spheres of modern reforms in Saudi Arabia. These changes were proposed or implemented to endure sustainability in the face of global and regional economic hurdles, rising unemployment,...
Introduction The United States of America is arguably the most developed country in the world. Therefore, many people around the globe dream about staying and working in the States. With this in mind, many people, especially from less developed countries, work day and night to secure a chance of living...
The issue of public goods provision has risen in its importance in the last decades. In this definition, a public good is an economic product or service that is consumed by the public collectively, for instance, schools, national defense, highways, fire protection, etc. are all collective goods since they are...
Introduction The US federal government has three main branches, the executive, legislative and the judiciary (“Current Legislative Activities”, n.d). Each of the three branches has specific roles that work cumulatively to benefit the whole system. The executive branch that comprises of the president, vice president, executive directors, commissions, cabinet and...
Introduction The president of the United States of America derives its powers from numerous sources. The official is regarded as ‘the most powerful and influential man in the world’ today (Ginsberg et al. 279). They have significant influence over the global political landscape. The incumbent is the leader of the...
The division of powers between three branches – legislative, executive and judicial – is an essential element of the democracy. The system of checks and balances was designed to provide. Independence, transparency and high efficiency of the interactions between these branches; it gave meaning to the idea of separation of...
Introduction The United States of America is a Federal nation made up of many states. The respective states have their autonomous governments that rule over their jurisdictions, and they operate under the laws of the federal government. Matters of developing justice policies in the respective states are similar to the...
Introduction A constitution is a valuable document that stipulates how a particular country will be governed. It is generally compiled by experts from across different professions so that the final copy is as comprehensive and inclusive as possible. The US Constitution was not different. It was compiled by a group...
Brief History of Creation and Purpose The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established during the Great Depression, as the necessity to introduce federal regulations of the stock market became particularly daunting. Prior to the Great Crash of stock markets in 1929, the initiatives to introduce such regulations...
Introduction E-government is a relatively new concept in governance because it encompasses all government roles that are associated with information and communications technology (ICT) (Racino, 2014). Its application in the governance sector transcends the scope of e-commerce because it covers important aspects of governance and administration, such as a government’s...
Background of the Issue Over the past 10 days, international news agencies such as CNN, BBC and other similar networks have been covering the rallies that have been occurring in Hong Kong. The reason behind the actions of thousands of local citizens can be traced to the events of 1997...
Introduction People participate in politics in various ways such as membership to political parties and voting. Subscription to membership for organisations, associations, and interest groups constitutes other crucial ways for engaging in politics (Barnett 2002). Such organisations and associations are often considered an informal political face in many nations. Currently,...
Introduction There is a longstanding debate in the mainstream political arena over which political structures – executive or legislative – best accomplishes the reasonable policy outcomes as envisaged by traditional as well as contemporary democratic theorists. Interestingly, there exist differences of opinion and practice within similar political systems, implying that...
Introduction The United States of America prides itself in being the leader of the free world. This great nation advocates for the adoption of democratic values by all nations in the world. Within its borders, democracy is highly valued and the political rights of the citizens are fiercely protected by...
The US government has been successful in its use of the federal government in public administration. The system enables devolution of resources to the people in an efficient manner. This paper evaluates the concept of federalism. It traces its origin and examines its utilitarian value to the people of the...
Introduction At one point in Britain, anyone wishing to influence or build public policy had to be a member of a political party. Political parties were considered as the sole avenues that people could use to air their views on democratic issues. In the 1950s, political parties offered voters consequential...
Introduction While there exist many drugs that have been earmarked as illicit, Cannabis Sativa (commonly known as Marijuana) takes the position of the most popular illegal drugs in many parts of the world. The World Health Organization (2010) records that “2.5% of the world’s population consume marijuana” making it by...
Was the response by Chinese government to Ningbo protest justified? With the growing market of petroleum products, the Chinese government had intentions to expand the petroleum refinery plant in Ningbo. The environmentalists in this part of the country could not take this in the name of pollution and environmental degradation....
The political system of the United States is complex and consists of several levels. One of the main structures in the system is the United States Congress, which was established in 1789 as a bicameral structure that consists of two separate houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Despite...
Introduction Since the late 20th century, globalization has been the principal topic both in pubic and academic spectrums. For decades, different quarters attribute their socio-economic and political challenges to globalization. For example, economists associate the unpredictable booms and depressions to the unrestrained globalization, the risk of losing minority cultures have...
Introduction The United States of America has a presidential system of government whereas Britain has parliamentary system of government. The presidential system as opposed to the parliamentary system is characterized by strict principle of separation of powers between the executive and the legislature. Consequently, party systems are more powerful and...
International Political Economy (IPE) has emerged as a significant academic discipline of Political Sciences that analyzes the relationship between economics and international relations. The discipline of International Political Economy focuses on critically analyzing how politics and economic policies affect international relations. Historical events provide evidence for determining the relationship between...
The debate on federalism in the USA has been ongoing for more than a century. Some criticize this type of political system as it restricts people’s (as well as states’) rights considerably. Opponents of the American federalism have argued that the country needs to be a confederation that will ensure...
Introduction The UN General Assembly, abbreviated as UNGA, is the only representative global body among the five organs of the United Nations. The other four major organs are the Secretariat, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and the International Criminal Court (ICC) (Peterson 77). According to the United...
Introduction The United States of America is the world’s biggest importer of crude oil, which is mainly used for transportation in cars, airplanes, and ships. This position, however, has subjected the US to numerous challenges, especially in the Middle East region. The US military has constantly been involved in the...
Examination of Direct Democracy – Government of California The United States of America as a whole subscribes to a representative democracy where citizens elected their representatives. Like any other state, California subscribes to a similar democracy. They cast ballots to choose their governor, senators, and representatives (Gerber & Philips, 2005)....
Introduction Oil, natural gas, and hard rock minerals are the major natural resources that ought to generate enormous amounts of cash to governments. Gold, diamond, and gemstones are examples of highly valued minerals that generate millions of dollars to the governments that possess the minerals (Ross 17). However, research indicates...
The Virginia Plan, which was referred to as Randolph Plan, was a proposal that the Virginia delegates suggested where the legislature was to be bicameral. Madison originally drafted the proposal with the aim of setting the agenda for a heated debated in the conference, as he proposed a population-weighted representation...
Both Virginia and the New Jersey Plans aimed at improving the administrative organs, both at the national and state level, even though several differences existed between the two proposals. The Virginia Plan advocated for a stronger national government, meaning that the federal government had to have more powers as opposed...
Immigration policies in the United States All people living in the United States are immigrants except for the natives. In the early years, the US operated an open immigration policy until 1790 when the country came up with the Naturalization Act that allowed immigrants of European and Caucasian decent only....
Introduction Division of labor is an economic theory that has been in use for many centuries. As a result, there have been several definitions of the term depending on the use of the theory. However, a more acceptable version that has been relied on by many is that of Peter...
Introduction Every government is judged with the responsibility of addressing the issues that affect its people. This attempt by a government to address public issues affecting its people is what is called public policy. Respective governments, whether federal, state or city, usually come up with public policies either as laws,...
Even though Marijuana isa a standard drug administered by physicians, its usage remains illegal in the U.S. The question of whether marijuana should be legalized or stay banned remains a subject of intense debate up to date. Marijuana, which is a substance gotten from the leaves of Cannabis sativa, is...
