The Fourth Amendment is a piece of the Constitution that protects the citizens from an unexpected and unreasonable search of their properties. According to the Amendment, every citizen has a right “to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures” (Rotenberg & Petkova 1)....
Policing is essential to protect citizens, families, and their country from various affairs and crimes. It requires special training, therefore, not every volunteer is in the needed physical condition and has the appropriate level of knowledge to fulfill this job. Future policemen are trained by means of special education methods...
Among all modules devoted to the topic, I find the Examination of firearms the most interesting one. It outlines the common types of weapons that can be examined as evidence and techniques that should be used during such investigations. Moreover, it outlines the firearm examiner’s major competencies vital for his/her...
Stop and frisk search is a type of search where an individual is detained on the street or removed from the vehicle, after which they are felt or patted down with an intention to discover weapons or other hidden objects. This is typically done to ensure that nothing illegal is...
Introduction The criminal justice system is a collection of public and private institutions designed to deal with those accused of crimes and those who have been found guilty of them. Academia, law enforcement, forensic services, the court, and prisons all have a role in the system. These pillars are built...
Introduction Military structures have always been important for sustaining justice among social structures. For this purpose, police officers serve as law enforcement agencies in the United States of America. Whatever effective their services might be, they come at the expense of people’s lives that could be endangered in various ways....
Law enforcement and counterterrorism policymakers have to operate in a conflict between real threats and public opinion. For instance, the latter states that domestic terrorism is not viewed as something that should lead to civil liberties restrictions, and those can be interpreted in a broad sense (Carter, 2020). The notion...
The Fourth Amendment enshrines the right of citizens to privacy. Law enforcement officers can turn an investigation into a search and seizure if they prove to a court the offender’s action disputes their privacy expectations (Carthew, 2019). The police have to receive a warrant before entering a property to search....
Introduction Maintaining sustainable and effective police work is one of the guarantors of social security and stability. However, in the context of specific factors, for instance, the lack of funding, preserving the productive order of the management of police activities can be revised, and interventions may be inevitable. The proposed...
Introduction First American police forces were primarily influenced by those in England. American law enforcement organizations borrowed from London’s first modern police agency, crime control and prevention missions, preventative patrol strategies, and quasi-military organizational designs. Along with these three components, American policing adopted additional aspects of British policing, such as...
Introduction In the movies depicting criminal investigations, viewers often see that the accused appeal to their right to remain silent and speak only in the presence of their attorneys. The right to keep silent is indeed existent, and it is prevalent not only in the US judicial system but also...
Introduction For a functioning society, the people that comprise it must obey sets of explicit and implicit rules. The various existent laws are therefore aimed at protecting peace in the society, such as by protecting people’s property rights and personal security, and to create communities that are efficient and well-ordered....
The United States Constitution is a finely balanced document. According to Central Washington University (2013), the Constitution is a living document; it is intended to support a national government that is powerful and flexible enough to satisfy the republic’s demands while remaining restricted and just enough to safeguard people’s fundamental...
The Jim Crow laws are the common unofficial name for the racial segregation laws in some states in the United States between 1890 and 1964. After the Civil War, which freed the black people from slavery, the federal government took steps to ensure their rights. In response, Southern Democrats passed...
Power plays a significant role in conflicts among individuals, organizations, and nations. Typically, power is mostly held by people who occupy positions of influence in society such as politicians, priests, celebrities, and prominent businessmen. According to Prorok (2017), the relationship between power and conflict in any country emanates from the...
Law enforcement agencies are bodies that carry out law enforcement activities through the application of legal measures of influence in order to protect and protect citizens. Essentially, state law enforcement agencies are municipal and county police departments, highway patrol, and deputy sheriffs (Hyland, 2018). For example, the Highway Patrol is...
Law enforcement agencies are a separate group of state bodies that carry out activities to protect human rights and freedoms, the protection of law and order, and the rule of law in society and the state. The system and structure of the US prosecutor’s office, as well as the judicial...
Abstract Patrolling is one of the basic activities performed by law enforcement professionals that have proved to be effective. Patrolling reduces crime rates, which is specifically critical in low-income communities. Some of the most urgent challenges related to patrolling include the lack of manpower and the development of routes for...
Adequate access to justice is one of the most important rights enshrined in numerous documents within the universal system of human rights protection. The obligation not to discriminate against women and achieve de facto equality between men and women is an integral part of these rights. Very often, due to...
Background Information Texas mandated reporter statute requires any individual with knowledge of suspected child abuse or neglect to communicate this information to the appropriate authorities. Compulsory reporting appeals to all individuals and is not restricted to teachers and health professionals. The law also expands to individuals whose personal relationships may...
The rate of crimes is believed to depend on geographic area and police force distribution. Sewell Chan discussed this issue in The New York Times article titled “Counting heads along the thin blue line,” published in March 2006. The author of this article asks an important question about the optimal...
Police departments represent the primary source of law enforcement, and hence it is vital to provide sufficient police training in diverse dimensions. Training requirements may differ in various states, yet, in most cases, there are general regulations. Such standards include legislation knowledge or learning about law enforcement standards, firearms proficiency,...
Police brutality which may be defined as law enforcement’s unwarranted and excessive use of force has already become a critical issue for modern American society. By arresting, injuring, and killing people without substantial evidence of guilt and on the basis of racism, police violate basic human rights without any legal...
Introduction Body cameras worn by police officers have changed the landscape in the profession of law enforcement. However, the subject has remained controversial, which is arguably the reason why some departments are just beginning to embrace the gear. In a news article by Pruitt-Young (2021), federal officers have now been...
Introduction The given case illustrates several issues of private prison change management that I, as a consultant, have to face. The two facilities under consideration lack discipline and are challenged with alarming staff turnover rates. There is a discrepancy between the staff’s capabilities and management procedures in one of the...
Introduction The growing concerns regarding the problem of police violence, especially towards minorities, were triggered by a series of murders over the past years. This threat to the wellbeing of corresponding population groups was well studied by scholars who attempted to examine the matter from different perspectives. Although this issue...
In 1829, Sir Robert Peel’s proposed ideals that were effective in ensuring collective peace and welfare under the constitution. The principles are still applicable, and they are used in community policing organizations and law enforcement agencies. While the principles are not formally recognized as an ethical code, they are focused...
Introduction In this paper, I will present the findings of an interview I had with a Federal drug law enforcement officer about the challenges of enforcing existing laws relating to the sale and consumption of illegal drugs in the United States. Discussions also explored possible solutions that could improve their...
Introduction Law enforcement agencies have been criticized for their inability to quell crime due to the prevalence of unfair practices. The targeting of minority communities and the resultant loss of life due to the ruthless application of the law has alienated the police from the communities they serve. Consequently, people...
Racism and racial discrimination are dangerous: being widespread, they can lead to a split in society and the state. Nowadays, racism must be judged as a manifestation of ignorance, it violates the rights of another person, therefore, any demonstration of discrimination is unacceptable. Thus, racism is a disease of society...
Corruption is an illegal and harmful act that destroys companies, organizations, and countries. Corruption is especially dangerous in organizations that maintain order and safety in society, such as the police, courts, or politics. However, despite the apparent harms of corruption, the variety of types that it includes raises ethical dilemmas...
The article describes an officer-involved shooting that took place on January 17, 2021, and ended with the killing of an African-American man Zontarious Johnson. The body camera footage allows analyzing the actions of Officer Nathan Ronan. According to the article, when police officers heard gunshots outside the building, Ronan saw...
Policing, in general, carries a significant role in society that cannot be overlooked. The questions under research may be various, although some require discussion the most. Police as a system aimed at providing safety and protection for a community has undergone some significant changes, yet some questions regarding its function...
A system that deals with outlaws and criminals to guarantee justice and protect innocents’ rights is fundamental to every society. It is essential to consider how such a system looks and the way it functions (Free Works University, 2015). The individuals who framed the constitution were keen to protect people’s...
Introduction Police work is a responsible and dignified business. A policeman is always at the center of crime and danger. Moreover, a policeman must know all laws and the rights of citizens in any situation. Making decisions quickly, and ensuring order and tranquility on the streets is not a complete...
The present paper deals with the issue of violence as a means of prisoner control in a fictitious correctional institution. The problem is reviewed from the perspective of public opinion, change management, Commission of 1967 and its implications, etc. Relevant research is used when formulating the potential solution to the...
Introduction Robust relationships built on mutual trust between police officers and the communities in which they serve are integral in promoting public safety and enhancing effective policing. Any town or an average American city is inhabited by people of diverse racial and economic backgrounds. The town’s population comprises Latinos, Caucasians,...
People join the police force out of the desire to serve and protect the larger society. Within the context of law enforcement, a noble cause can be described as a moral devotion to ensure that the world becomes a safer place (Martinelli, 2006). However, when this dedication becomes more valuable...
Non-verbal communication is critical when making a rule in law enforcement; they hint at what sound verdict can be based in a court of law. In most cases, people resort to non-verbal cues when faced with a threatening situation or are nervous about expressing their views openly (Virtual Academy, 2018)....
The cash bail system is discriminatory towards people who cannot afford to bail and are forced to endure pretrial detainment even if they are innocent. Apart from criminalizing poverty, it “perpetuates inequities in the justice system that are disproportionately felt by communities of color and those experiencing poverty” (Hunter, 2020,...
It is hard to disagree that prison overcrowding remains a significant issue, and the government has to spend a considerable amount of money on keeping offenders in jail. However, not punishing them for their crimes is also not a solution. That is why there are special community corrections programs that...
Alcohol, although it is legal for the majority of the population, is the most challenging drug to combat for law enforcement. The Prohibition laws are a prominent example of how this addictive substance has become a norm for society. Many people use alcohol regularly, which is one reason why it...
The incidences of police brutality have occurred across the world and remain a major issue amongst the community and the police organizations. Brutality exists in various forms including assaults, deaths due to use of force, and harassment. Brutality exists in two forms, physical brutality which includes assaults and non-physical brutality...
The idea of assisting inmates in integrating back into society is a rather reasonable one since it is quite expected for a prisoner to encounter difficulties when reverting back to life in a community. Indeed, research indicates that a significant number of former prisoners find it incredibly hard to become...
Regardless of multiple attempts to decrease the level of crime and create a safe environment, contemporary society is characterized by a significant number of guilty verdicts. It means that the problem of incarceration and further rehabilitation remains topical. Statistics show that about 2.2 million Americans have been imprisoned in recent...
Overview of Education in Prisons In this era, knowledge is vital to the success of a person’s life and the transformation of a country. People acquire knowledge through education. Knowledge is the power that helps in overcoming obstacles, making life decisions and instilling winning mindsets in individuals. One of the...
The police play an indispensable role in alleviating crimes and guaranteeing justice to the crime victims. According to Spalek (2016), the police represent an integral component of the criminal justice system, responding to criminal reports or cases. Law enforcement observes the agency’s core values and philosophy, and thus, any improvement...
The video demonstrates a conversation between states Sergeant Davis of the Wisconsin State Capitol Police and an 87-year-old citizen, Mary, about the police discretion towards the Solidarity Sing Along singing protest. Mary is a visitor to the Capitol who asked some questions regarding the events emerging over the noon hour...
The tenth chapter of the book by Dyson (2015) is titled “Surveillance.” It reviews the key features of various approaches to surveillance that are not technology-assisted. In particular, the author considers different types of officer behavior (moving, fixed, and combination surveillance) and various methods of coverage. The author uses evidence...
Policing strategy in the United States encompasses two critical aspects, including crime-fighting and community care-taking responsibilities. The police must adhere to the key professionalism standards to meet the assigned tasks and enforcement functions. Therefore, the concept of professionalism in law enforcement is the critical feature of the legalistic style of...
The United States criminal justice system has recently become subject to fierce criticism. Recent events, such as the widespread incidents of police brutality, have drawn a lot of attention towards the issue of criminal law enforcement and exposed the deficiencies and shortfalls of the criminal justice system. Liberal politicians have...
The Article by Shaila Dewan (2015) is devoted to a prominent issue of criminal justice system (CJS), that is, the collateral damage. Another issue (that is not included in the title) is concerned with the suggested bias of the system. It is illustrated through the lighter penalties for the “corporate...
Introduction Regardless of the particular stage of societal development, whether the primitive community or the high-tech era, law and order and security preservation are essential. There is no doubt that a civilization devoid of law enforcement structures will ultimately lead to anarchy, chaos, crime, and disorder in social relations. In...
Abstract Community-oriented policing aims at getting rid of all the situations that promote crime in a community. The approach to the concept of community-oriented policing has a direct visible benefit of ensuring that there is a good relationship between the community and the police. As such, this enables the police...
Defunding the police refers to the re-allocation of funds from the department (Patel, 2020). Individuals who support this strategy do not mean the abolishment of policing, but they want to see corrections in the system. A good example is Camden’s case in New Jersey when the institution disbanded the police...
In any institution, different people get assigned work to carry out within the organization. Always someone monitors those doing the work as well as someone controlling the operations. Universally acknowledged rules of administration are followed in order to realize an organization’s goals (Krimmel and Lindenmuth, par.3). One of the principal...
Introduction The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) is a security department focused on maintaining law and order in the entire Los Angeles. Therefore, they have many challenges to streamline within this department. The key objective is to enforce the law and ensure that this is done with a sense of...
Use of Force and De-escalation The use of physical violence is a rather controversial aspect of policing that has a variety of nuances and, thus, requires an in-depth understanding of possible power abuse by authorities. According to Dunham et al. (2020), national and state efforts to collect reliable data on...
Analysis and comments on the law enforcement and American Mafia Various law reports reveal that the arrival of more than twenty-five million migrants was confirmed in the United States from fiscal 1885 to 1926. Immigrants from Italy alone were approximated to be nearly four million while most of them stemmed...
Introduction Unfortunately, the unethical behavior of employees occurs in any field of activity and leads to negative consequences. In some cases, people do not realize that they are behaving unethically towards other people, but such acting is deliberate in most situations. However, the unethical behavior of the police is more...
Introduction A large number of points are considered in the process of designing the organization’s structure. They include the division of labor in an organization along with the level of specialization that is to be implemented. It is also crucial to consider a person who is given authority in the...
Introduction There have been concerns from citizens that internal mechanism of vetting and screening police conduct has not been effective, transparent, and fair in addressing increasing complaints of the citizens regarding police misconduct. To streamline the effectiveness, transparency, and fairness of addressing public complaints, citizen oversight agency is very essential...
The following report is on ethics and law in the police service. The police ethics are imperative in the police service as they enhance and build the service, which is crucial to the development of public confidence. Such confidence promotes growth economically, socially and ensures political stability in any nation....
The quality of employees’ working usually depends on the peculiarities of their attitude to jobs and the feeling of job satisfaction. From this point, it is important to examine the most stressful jobs in relation to the question of job satisfaction, job hazards and risks. Focusing on the field of...
The problem of “stop snitching” campaign bothers police forces as people form their considerations about stopping informing police about the crimes committed in the community. Living in the country people are to worry about its problems and do all possible to help the community. However, “stop snitching” campaign is one...
In its strategic plan of 2008 to 2012, Vancouver Police Department (VPD) has set priorities that will ensure that Vancouver becomes the safest city in Canada. In short, the Vancouver Police Department made several promises to the residents of Vancouver. The department will reduce “property crime by 25 percent, reduce...
Introduction Recruitment to the police department is a process that leaves only the most competitive candidates in employment. It is a process that entails the assessment of the honesty and ethics of particular individuals. The competitive process requires persistence from the candidates as it involves a large amount of time...
Introduction The country of the United States is famous all over the world for its abundant and rather complicated principles of organization of policing and law enforcement establishments. The relationship between the United States government and the policing organizations throughout the United States and the impact of this relationship on...
Introduction Security is an indispensable human need that must be guaranteed by state agencies and individuals. All developed nations invested a lot of resources to promote peaceful existence among their citizens. In addition, they sacrificed their efforts to ensure there was security for human beings and their investments. Without security,...
Introduction Technology is playing a transformative role in contemporary law enforcement. Officers in law enforcement are using products of ongoing advances in technology in their operations. This has given them a performance edge as they can easily carry out investigations and enforce laws more effectively (Roberts, 2011). Law enforcers have...
It is indisputable that the policing institutions in the United States of America have occasionally engaged in pervasive actions in the course of executing their duties. According to Ronald Parks, a researcher, reported incidences range from mild misunderstandings between police officers and the public to extreme cases of violence (Parks...
Police unit is a criminal enforcement department, which is one of the most powerful constituents of the Criminal Justice System (Gest, 2000). As a unit of the law enforcement department, the police unit has a major responsibility of “regulating and controlling community affairs” (Schmallenger, 2005). The primary responsibility of the...
While Susan Brenner is a professor of law at the University of Dayton law school, Leo Clark is a law practitioner with the Washington Federal. The author’s main audience is the academic society, especially the students of cyber law. The increased rate of cybercrime calls for a rethinking of how...
Introduction The rapid developments in computer connections since early 1990s and the increasing roles of the internet in social, corporate, social and research have come alongside an increased risk of cybercrime. Over the years, information sharing and storage has become easier with the development of information superhighways. However, this has...
Introduction Police discretion is a very emotive topic in contemporary society. The topic has continued to elicit mixed reactions from various stakeholders, including members of the public, owing to the manner in which (and situations within which) it is exercised. According to Davis (1981), discretion is conceptualized as the ability...
Introduction Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior that occurs between people who are relating, and it is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Domestic violence is abuse that can either be physical, sexual, and emotional or any threat that is likely to affect...
Domestic violence in this era has escalated due to the increment in the legal ownership of weapons that has seen husbands drawing guns on their victims, normally wives and children. The due process clause in § 922(g) (9) allows gun owners to keep their weapons if they can prove that...
Dangers of policing In the recent past issues of increased criminal activities have surged. Such aspects as terrorism, cyber crime, etc pose hitherto un-witnessed challenges. This development places the police force under intense pressure. Specifically, these crimes call for utmost attention. As such, the police are expected to liaise with...
It is stated under the law of most, if not every, country in the world that the duty of the police is to ensure the safety of its citizens. It is within a citizen’s rights to be protected by the police but this is not always the case especially in...
Introduction The police department is one of the few departments that are faced with unpredictable events. With such an environment where one has no clue on what he or she stands up to on a daily routine, the situation is made even more dangerous. Police officers are more often prone...
Introduction Community policing concept dates back in mid 1980s. It is defined as a policy with an objective of effectively and efficiently controlling or reducing crime or fear of crime by relying on community resources to improve the policing services. The definition exclusively introduces the aim of community policing. However,...
Introduction The change in the correctional officer workforce has taken an evolutionary approach. One century ago, the responsibilities or the overall composition of correctional officer duties were different. Correctional facilities and services have undergone immense transformations in the past few decades. It is imperative to mention that correctional facilities were...
Introduction In the United States, law enforcement agencies are charged with the responsibility of maintaining order, investigating suspected criminal activity, deterring any such activity, and enforcement of court orders. Law enforcement officers (also commonly referred to as peace officers) are also mandated by law to protect certain public officials as...
Similar to other organizations, the criminal justice system has to stay abreast with contemporary issues of organizational management. One of the issues that face the criminal justice system is the addition of management techniques that suit their aim of preventing crime, adjudication of criminal offenses, and retribution for offenders (Matison,...
Introduction Police is a unit of criminal enforcement department that is a major component of the Criminal Justice System (Daleidein, 2006). As a unit of the law enforcement department (government department), police are delegated with the responsibility of “regulating and controlling community affairs”. Mainly, the police are responsible for maintaining...
Introduction Law enforcement misconduct emanates from police officers who are usually charged with the duty of maintaining law and order within a criminal justice system. Most jurisdictions usually take police misconduct as a very gross matter bearing in mind that it significantly weakens the entire criminal justice system. It is...
Comparative statistics/Computer statistics or Comp stat is the process through which crime data and other police performance measures are collected, analyzed and mapped on a regular basis with the aim of enhancing performance of police managers by holding them accountable on the basis of these data. In other words, it...
Nowadays, modern society puts a number of challenges on police and policing. In the conditions of the ever-speeding up process of globalization people have special needs in securing their safety, security, liberty, freedom and guarantying their rights. In the following paper, the major challenges that modern society places on police...
Engineering has several departments, and one of them is an information technology (IT). This department has matured to become an independent industry. The information technology industry manages information by the use of computer software and telecommunication. The responsibility of this department includes retrieving, storing, protecting, and processing information. The police...
Introduction This paper aims to discuss and analyze the impact of culture and diversity on law enforcement. It will explore the presence and extent of cultural diversity in law enforcement agencies, especially the police departments. Finally, it will seek to determine whether there are issues that are emerging on cultural...
Goal or mission statement of the organization To generate strategies and problem solving tactics that will address the immediate conditions giving rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. Community policing is the connection between police and citizenry, who work together on safety involving...
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Open Door Policy Communication is the fundamental key to the success of any well-developed company or organization. However, the implementation of the open door policy has some advantages and disadvantages that should be taken into account. The open door policy allows the employees to express...
Introduction People cannot operate without police officers both public and private security officers because they help in enforcing law and order. Therefore, when police are present in any community, people get a certain sense of security by knowing that their lives and property are secured. As a result, every government...
Policing has always involved the police and civilians. However, for closer and engaged involvement of the public, the concept of community policing is necessary. For a community-policing program to work effectively, certain managerial and technical know-how and skills are critical. The community-policing concept creates a team of official police officers...
D2.1.The work of the police officer implies the participation in a great number of events important for the further development of society and its beneficial functioning. Moreover, these very events comprise the main part of the job of a police officer, and it is vital for him/her to keep in...
This paper will focus on studying the sentencing and correctional system in the United States of America. It will center on different models of punishment and possible correctional alternatives. The paper will pay specific attention to contemporary issues in the correctional system. The emphasis will be made on the organization...
Intelligence-led policing involves collection and analysis of information with an aim of detecting suspicious activities to help prevent criminal activities (Ratcliffe, 2008). In the US, intelligence-led policing has been used to fight car burglary, terrorism, and other forms of crime. Intelligence-led policing is an emerging field in the department of...
Abstract Programs for preventing crimes have existed in the US for many years. The designs of the programs are based on the understanding that crime prevention should be proactive instead of being reactive. Programs on crime are designed to influence the quality of life in the society and to ensure...
Introduction Crises comprise an integral part of human life. They have existed since the beginning of life. People faced the need to address various critical situations and assist individuals in diverse settings for many years. Nowadays, crisis intervention has developed into a definite practice that aims at preventing disasters or...
Increased use of informants, intelligence as well as surveillance targeting major offenders has made the police to adopt crime fighting philosophies which make them more effective in fighting crime. These include Intelligence-Led Policing, Community Policing, Problem-Oriented Policing as well as CompStat Policing. Intelligence-led policing focuses on risk assessment as well...
Police Strategy Assessment Police are important people in the community. They help in enforcing law and order in all their endeavors. They have a distinctive hierarchy that help in channeling pertinent issues. The chain of command starts from a police constable and sergeant who are stationed in one station. The...
The last two centuries have witnessed the birth and the evolution of the police force. Initially, the police physically beat and executed criminals. However, from the 1970s, there were efforts to input professionalism in the force. In addition, the commune adopted a central role in policing. The integration of the...
