Introduction Law enforcement officers in England as well as Wales continue to unfairly use stop and search powers against ethnic minority populations, especially Black people, without probable cause. When a police officer has a reasonable suspicion that an individual has weapons or drugs, they have the authority to conduct a...
Abstract This paper deals with the problem of mass incarceration, which has been a feature of the United States for many years. The US currently has the highest incarceration rate of any country in the world. Although this figure has been steadily decreasing in recent years, the number of people...
Law enforcement is essential to keeping things in order in any society, and the security forces generally do it. In low-income neighborhoods, the necessity for a police intervention may be especially pronounced since these individuals are searching for ways to make ends meet. The police may therefore be more important...
Traditional and community-oriented models have particular advantages and disadvantages. The first model includes call-to-call reaction patterns of the officers during the patrol. The professionalism of the officers is estimated based on the achievements they gain during a particular period: the number of arrests and responses to calls (Archbold et al.,...
The New York police department dismissed, terminated, or forced individuals to resign, citing police corruption. However, this term challenged established notions of corruption, such as police misconduct. While corruption was defined as a separate form of problem, different from misconduct in the past, the terms are not mutually exclusive and...
Police officers have every right to use force, whether it is to defend bystanders from a robbery, a suspect who is likewise armed with a dangerous weapon, or for their defense. “Law Enforcement in the 21st Century”, authored by Grant and Terry, emphasizes that policing in the US has become...
Selection and recruitment processes for police officers are an integral part of the law enforcement system. Since police officers play an extremely important role in ensuring public safety and welfare, significant emphasis is being placed on the career requirements in the police force. Although hiring standards and procedures used in...
The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment was a groundbreaking study conducted between 1972 and 1973 by the Kansas City Police Department. The main purpose of this experiment was to identify the connection between a person’s likelihood of committing a crime and police presence in their living area. Although the findings...
The issues of police monitoring and accountability are fiercely discussed topics of discourse these days, and it is no surprise. One of the basic human needs is the need for safety. Several incidents of police misconduct or a failure to hold officers accountable have led to a lot of controversy...
Police officers, when performing their duties, are required to use a certain level of discretion hence the presence of a thin blue line that they are not allowed to cross. Discretion is the ability, right, or power to act or decide as your judgment, choice, or freedom of sentence (Grant...
The autonomy of a police officer or law enforcement agent to make judgments and decisions in the workplace is referred to as police discretion. While policemen are doing their formal day-to-day tasks and duties, they employ discretion. When confronted with a circumstance, law enforcement officers have a variety of options...
This module is significant because it provided me with much useful information about ethical dilemmas and decisions that could happen in the sphere of criminal justice. The textbook by Pollock (2018) was the primary source of information. Thus, the reflection paper will summarize the covered material, highlight the most important...
In the United States, decentralized police are responsible for dealing with violations and making peace in their jurisdictions according to their states’ legislation. Departments have diverse structures, and, depending on specific needs in staffing or as a response to certain circumstances, services can be a contract, consolidated, and civilianized. Each...
The main topic of the course was the close relationship between ethics and criminal justice. Every member of the law enforcement system faces an ethical dilemma at some point in their service. According to the theory of the social contract, justice professionals receive the right to protect the interests of...
Introduction Today, the topic of law enforcement is regularly discussed from multiple perspectives, including ethics. People demonstrate different attitudes toward police work and the progression of necessary and unnecessary violence by police officers. On the one hand, most police representatives believe that they try to save lives, and violent behaviors...
The law is a sacred tool that should be administered and enforced accurately, fairly and justly. I think one of the things that makes it effective is enforcing the law efficiently. There is a concern, however, that drug courts may be too lenient to be effective in a criminal justice...
Parole is a kind of incentive for a person – a push for development on the social ladder. Despite being released, a person continues to be in the state’s custody and receives some fine if they violate the prescribed rules. Only those convicted of a serious crime are eligible for...
Introduction The dictionary defines ethics as principles that are moral and are used to govern individuals’ way of conduct, or the manner in which an activity is conducted. Ethics have an impact on how individuals make their choices and go about with their lives. Their main focus is what is...
Introduction It is important to note that police work is a challenging and dangerous endeavor, which is heavily reliant on one’s capability to make correct decisions and resolve conflicts effectively. The given interview was taken from a police corporal Davis, who works in the narcotics division. He is 34-years old...
Interview One In this first session I interviewed detective Lakshan De Silva of the placer county Sheriff’s office. The detective stated that the police are entirely predicated on ethics and morals. As for them, it is expected that they are the good guys; hence people rely on them to act...
Introduction Corrections, sentencing, imprisonment and death penalty are terms that are always common in criminal justice system. The commonality arises not because of their specialty but due to some issue that are always associated with them. Sentencing, imprisonment, and death penalty can be discussed within the context of corrections. This...
Introduction Research has identified work-related stress as a major challenge affecting employee performance and productivity. The occurrence of burnout makes it impossible for workers to engage one another, interact, and focus on physical health outcomes. The occupation of police officers compels them to work in environments and solve issues that...
Introduction The topic selected is ‘Implementing Cultural Effectiveness for Law Enforcement Strategies.’ There is a need for the implementation of culturally effective enforcement strategies. This research proposal will conceptually present the essential law enforcement strategies that effectively implement a cultural change in a given society based on three scholarly articles....
Criminal justice system is of interest for this study, especially from the organizational side. For a better understanding of this topic, this research paper examines the mission statements of departments such as the Orlando Police Department, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement and the Florida Court of Justice. In the...
The city council of Amos faces a dilemma regarding the future of the town’s police force. Across the past 42 years, Amos has had its own police department that ensured order and enforced law in its territory. The town’s force has only nine people, of which six are constable, and...
I would like to apply for the position of Law Enforcement Specialist at the Federal Protective Service. I understand that it requires great responsibility and various skills, and I would like to show that I can meet those requirements. I aim to be an effective employee in the FPS and...
Introduction The criminal justice system in the U.S. is essential because it keeps the citizens safe. The goal of these policies is to ensure justice for all people. The U.S.’s criminal justice policy does an excellent job by protecting citizens, convicting aggressors, and maintaining fair justice procedures in all states....
Abstract The prison population in the United States is predominantly black and Latino. Further, low-income people make up a large share of the prison population. Most convicted criminals have intellectual challenges, undiagnosed psychiatric conditions, and backgrounds of violent victimization, all of which may contribute to psychosocial problems. These issues aside,...
Police brutality involves the use of excessive force against ordinary citizens. In addition, often, this abuse is not only physical but also verbal and psychological. Police violence in the United States has increased since the end of World War II in various racial, religious, political areas and in a systematic...
Every owner of the computers is aware of the harmful viruses that exist in the global webspace and are dangerous for the operating system. However, not many people might know what malware represents and how it sometimes appears on the device. Most importantly, there is a lack of awareness on...
Introduction The primary function of the police is to enforce compliance with the law in every aspect of human life and citizen activity. Modern society is a complex and multi-layered structure that involves millions of people with different and even opposing opinions, life principles, and core values. Therefore, regulating and...
Introduction One of the most significant challenges for individuals after their release from prison is reintegration into society. Finding employment is a crucial part of this process, but it is often hard for people with a history of legal troubles to find employment. They face unique challenges in seeking employment,...
Introduction No part of the criminal process elicits more public contention than interrogation techniques used in Guantanamo Bay. However, it is no surprise that it does since substantial evidence corroborates that laws designed to protect the rights of detainees mean little during questioning. Approximately two decades have passed since the...
Scholarly Journal The authors of the article Optimizing the use of technology in policing constitute Christopher S. Koper, Cynthia Lum, and James J. Willis. The three authors are professors of Criminology, Law, and Society in a respected educational organization, George Mason University (Koper, Lum, Willis, 2014). Additionally, they are co-directors...
Abstract Mass incarceration in the US has been in existence since late 1900. The members of the minority group (Black and the Hispanics) have been incarcerated for a long time with a view of being associated with criminal activities within the US border. However, the previous literature shed some light...
On September 11, 2001, four coordinated terrorist attacks were carried out by al-Qaeda, targeting the Pentagon building and the Twin Towers. The attack occurred as a result of a plane hijacking by nineteen terrorists. This case is dedicated to exploring the case of one of the terrorists who participated in...
Introduction Law enforcement officers and suspected criminals are human beings with the right to life. This aspect means that neither of the two parties has the authority to willingly cause harm to the other. However, policing work often involves critical circumstances that compel police officers to use force. The matter...
The paper will examine the role of a leader when it comes to a police department’s handling of civil unrest. Civil unrest is accompanied by violence, property damage, and other negative aspects, unlike peaceful protests. Thus, police officers are to be instructed on how to distinguish between the two while...
Introduction It is important to note that any form of justice system needs to undertake measures in both identifying perpetrators and imposing not only fair consequences in the form of punishment but also ensure that the negative or dangerous behavior never takes place again. Sexually violent predators can be categorized...
Introduction Police work is never simple, and many steps should be taken to understand the duties of police officers and other team members and recognize recent achievements in the field. Some changes in communication tools cannot be ignored because communication plays a crucial role in police activities, affecting data management,...
The history of search and seizure in minority neighborhoods of the United States dates to the era of slavery. Measures of confiscation were introduced by the colonial governance of South Carolina, which subjected the black people to frequent and mandatory abduction conducted by slave patrols. In 1712, the South Carolina...
Introduction Generally, law enforcement units and military organizations are sensitive bodies undertaking various significant operations within their system. The nature of their functions requires proper planning and organization to make sure the intended objectives are met. Sometimes might require urgent intervention, while others may need more time to resolve. Therefore,...
Discrimination refers to a situation where a person or group cannot enjoy legal or human rights equally due to unjustified distinctions emanating from treatment, policy, or the law. There are two types of discrimination, direct and indirect. Direct discrimination involves the explicit difference between two groups of people where one...
As a police officer dealing with a person with a sexual disorder, one should try to maintain an objective aspect of perception. My feelings towards the defendant suffering from a sexual disorder tend to be completely neutral since prejudice would not only be offensive but would interfere with the conduct...
The punishments are initially designed to fulfil the purpose of achieving five objectives. The objectives include creating a sense of deterrence to control the population’s behavior and keep order, incapacitating criminals to prevent them from committing more crimes, and rehabilitation in changing criminals’ deviant behavior. Furthermore, the other two objectives...
The Factors that Contribute to Conflict Situations Between Law Enforcement and Citizens Notably, power is an instrument that law enforcement must utilize wisely and responsibly. Without an ethical life, this power can be misused, resulting in a power dynamic that is detrimental to law enforcement and society and causing potential...
Introduction The discussion and implementation of law enforcement are different, and people often do not understand it. Protection of the population from crime has a long history and vast geography. In modern society, workers in this area are under serious pressure, and they are always under the scrutiny of the...
Among the civil rights activists, there is a certain amount of people advocating for the police departments in the United States to be defunded or abolished. There is no reason for these demands to not be at least considered. Activists argue that America is over-investing in the police, which leaves...
Police enforcement in civilized countries evolved from a private to a public (or governmental) role. For example, the police in the United States operates the way it does now primarily because it was adopted from the British, commencing with the frankpledge and watchman structures (Gelpi 2). Regardless of how many...
Introduction In the United States, evidence gathered unlawfully must be excluded from criminal trials in both state and federal courts. In general search, and seizure are procedures used by law enforcement personnel to gather enough evidence to apprehend and prosecute an accused. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution...
Managing drug misuse and the selling of illegal drugs is an essential task for any legal system. In the U.S., the specified issue has been addressed by the U.S. drug control policy geared toward reducing the accessibility of drugs to the general audience (Rosenberg et al., 2017). The specified approach,...
Introduction The topic of police defunding is an ongoing debate in the US community. The revelations of police brutality have deteriorated public perception of the law enforcing institution, especially after the recent event of George Floyd’s death, resulting in accusations on the grounds of systematic racism. There are differing viewpoints...
The Legitimacy of and Issues Related to Covert Activities Debates about the legality and morality of covert operations by intelligence bodies have been raging since the Cold War days. After the terror attacks of September 11, the Pentagon resolved to pursue the agenda of taking the war to the enemies,...
Servant Leadership in Police Organization Servant leadership is one of the styles that differ significantly from others. In particular, a servant leader is guided by moral values to support and contribute to the development of the followers. This style is associated with humility and a focus on providing guidance and...
The laws and regulations associated with policing are typically a challenging and emotionally charged subject. The law enforcement system itself is a subject to scrutiny and multiple uncomfortable questions, as the processes and institutions involved often reveal the uglier sides of the modern society. Despite everyone theoretically being equal in...
Introduction Corporate compliance is similar to preventive medicine because, with planning, commitment, and organization, they can identify problems and allow room for correction before the government fines the organization. Compliance means agreeing to follow the rules and regulations set by an organization about something. Cooperate compliance is a legal profession,...
Introduction In the current U.S. sociopolitical and cultural setting, the police have been facing quite a diverse range of complex challenges. A significant part of the challenges faced by the law enforcement system has been linked to police brutality and related protests, which were completely justified, albeit implemented in a...
The problem of gang violence and gang participation is a topical one for many cities in the US and around the world. Law enforcement agencies are constantly developing new approaches to ensure better efficiency and effectiveness when solving gang-related issues. Over the past decades, police have identified a set of...
In the United States, corruption is a severe offense and is punishable by law. It is crucial to investigate the roots of such practices to form the responsibility of police officers. An example is the corruption case that concerns violations of the law by the Special Police Department of Baltimore,...
Nowadays, it is evident the public rightfully alarmed at numerous contradictions surrounding police officers. While some individuals have a distinctly negative attitude towards policemen, others empathize with officers and trust them. The climax of the tense relationship between the police and the public has been the tragic death of George...
The relationship between law enforcement officials and ordinary citizens of the state is ambiguous. Opinions about the work of law enforcement agencies can be formed both through personal experience and the consumption of external information from various sources. Considering the article “Factors That Influence Public Opinion of the Police,” by...
Most police officers do not pay attention to their duties or take advantage of their powerful position for self-interest by violating several laws and obligations required by their moral code of practice. Therefore, this essay provides real-life examples of ethical misconduct cases in law Enforcement in the US, involving graft,...
Police professionalism and responsibility are closely related to ethical issues. The initial goal of every member of the police department is to serve the community and protect the rights of citizens. However, with current political influence, stereotypes that form biased attitudes to various strata of society, it becomes complicated for...
There have been several cases of police misconduct that involve racial profiling, police brutality, tampering with witnesses, usage of excess force, coercive interrogation and corruption. These activities have a negative impact on the performance of the criminal justice system. The actions have led to false imprisonment of innocent people, physical...
Both male and female offenders present with interpersonal needs categorized as social, psychological, sexual, or rehabilitative. According to research and practice, the intensity and urgency of these personal requirements are contingent on gender. Prison rehabilitative programs and interventions are designed to address convicts’ needs. Nevertheless, the correctional system has undeniably...
Introduction The function of the police lies in enforcing laws, in other words, monitoring and providing the obedience of the population to them. This is possible solely on the condition of trustworthy relationships between the two sides, which, in turn, requires confidence in the police and perceiving them as a...
There is a clear correspondence between gun usage and community-police relationships in the United States: when people trust the police more, they carry fewer weapons. Cunningham et al. (2021) research show that adolescents who do not trust the police tend to carry guns. Such tendency is especially strong among Black...
In recent years, New York City has experienced a decrease in the rate of crimes. The decline has been associated with the city embracing new technology in improving the police department’s relationship with the residents. In 2016, the New York Police Department (NYPD) reported a historic reduction in criminal activities...
Introduction Inmate’s rights can also be referred to as prisoner’s rights and are the extent and nature of privileges set to persons in confinement or custody. An inmate is a person who has underprivileged personal freedom against their will after conviction of a crime. The freedom limitation is done against...
In the routine of the police departments, they tend to work to serve and protect the community that relies on them. On the other hand, the community is dependent on the police department to help in cooperation and support. The relationship is vice versa, but it is not always harmonious...
Both the state and federal laws regulate the formation and operation of prisons, as well as the rights of prisoners. The 8th Amendments has a restriction on cruel and unusual punishment, other civil rights within the 8th Amendment include freedom of expression, due process, religious liberty, proper medical treatment, freedom...
My topic for this assignment is diversity in law enforcement. This is a narrative that has been spoke of more and more over recent years as the relationship between the public and the police has become strained. While I do agree with diversity being important, I don’t agree that it...
Native American citizens employ separate law enforcement entities (Bureau of Indian Affairs) to maintain safety and order in Indian reservations. However, Native Americans often have negative overviews of federal officers and other criminal justice professionals. There are several reasons why such relationships are almost non-existent. The history of this community...
Jen Defoe’s “Ethics in Life” discusses the paramount ethical questions that pertain to the paralegal’s profession. Published in the fourth 2019 issue of Facts & Findings, a quarterly journal of the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA), it covers the moral dimension of the paralegal profession. First of all, the...
Introduction In society, many people, including young adults with bright futures, have been remanded, taken to probation, and even sentenced to prison following their misconduct and engagement in criminal activities. Sometimes I attend court sessions, especially when I am free, to listen to the charges being read to the offenders....
Outline Significant Decisions and Balance between Social Order Maintenance and Individual Liberties: Chief Justices Earl Warren and William Rehnquist had different approaches to balancing public order maintenance and individual liberties with regard to criminal procedure. The Supreme Court’s Decisions and Law Enforcement: The Warren Court was more concerned about individual...
Police ethics are moral values that are widely accepted standards and practices in policing. These ethics include loyalty, allegiance, courage, and honesty. However, many police officers have deviated from ethical values and practice misconduct. Knapp commission was the major commission entitled to investigate police ethics through identification of their misconduct...
Probation is a type of penalty imposed by a court of law in which a criminal perpetrator, rather than being imprisoned, is allowed to stay in the community. It is done on the demand that they demonstrate good ethical and legal behavior while under the correctional supervision of probation officers...
Introduction The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a federal agency responsible for fighting illicit drug distribution in the U.S. Through its confiscation, detention, and enforcement program development tasks, the DEA disrupts organizations violating the national controlled substances regulations. This paper explores the DEA with reference to its history and...
Introduction The image of the Texas Rangers is filled with various myths and conjectures that films and books about these legendary characters support. The Rangers are associated with capturing serious criminals, actions in wars, and even several events that are usually not discussed. The Rangers have greatly influenced the history...
The first and foremost example of information and communication technology (ICT) one is likely to encounter in law enforcement is the computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system that allows handling calls on incoming emergencies and assigning tasks to patrol officers (Fleischer, 2021). Other examples of ICT are databases, such as the National...
Introduction Police brutality, namely applied force by an officer to a civilian without a substantial reason, appears to be a pressing concern in the United States society. According to Peeples, “About 1,000 civilians are killed each year by law-enforcement officers in the United States” (22). However, it is essential to...
Introduction Police brutality is a social issue of considerable magnitude in the contemporary United States. It is understandable that violence and killing can be necessary for police work, for example, when interacting with armed and dangerous criminals who pose an immediate threat to public safety. Yet, it is not so...
According to the US constitution, the power of government is not entirely placed on one body. The US government’s duties are divided into three central bodies: the legislature mandated to make laws, the executive arm for applying law function, and the judiciary responsible for enforcing the law. The roles within...
Introduction Racism is a widespread global issue, exacerbating injustice and division among people on the basis of race. In Australia, the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in the justice system is a significant problem caused by racism. This group of citizens is more likely than the non-indigenous population to be detained...
Parole is the provisional liberation of a prisoner before completing their prison term so long as they agree to comply with specific requirements. Parole prisoners are normally monitored, and if the prisoner violates the set agreement, they are taken back to prison. For example, parole prisoners may be restricted to...
Introduction Evidently, the policemen’s jobs and responsibilities are highly challenging since they are forced to deal with crimes and other misbehaviors on a daily basis. Still, some officers might share biased and prejudiced opinions about numerous factors, so they tend to judge people not by their misdeeds but by their...
Introduction At present, racial and cultural conflicts between law enforcement and civilians are, unfortunately, a frequent occurrence. Recent research identifies the lack of cultural sensitivity and inadequate training of police officers as some of the core problems (Henderson, 2020). Several cases within the last few years, including the killing of...
The Fourth Amendment is a piece of the Constitution that protects the citizens from an unexpected and unreasonable search of their properties. According to the Amendment, every citizen has a right “to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures” (Rotenberg & Petkova 1)....
Policing is essential to protect citizens, families, and their country from various affairs and crimes. It requires special training, therefore, not every volunteer is in the needed physical condition and has the appropriate level of knowledge to fulfill this job. Future policemen are trained by means of special education methods...
Among all modules devoted to the topic, I find the Examination of firearms the most interesting one. It outlines the common types of weapons that can be examined as evidence and techniques that should be used during such investigations. Moreover, it outlines the firearm examiner’s major competencies vital for his/her...
Stop and frisk search is a type of search where an individual is detained on the street or removed from the vehicle, after which they are felt or patted down with an intention to discover weapons or other hidden objects. This is typically done to ensure that nothing illegal is...
Introduction The criminal justice system is a collection of public and private institutions designed to deal with those accused of crimes and those who have been found guilty of them. Academia, law enforcement, forensic services, the court, and prisons all have a role in the system. These pillars are built...
Introduction Military structures have always been important for sustaining justice among social structures. For this purpose, police officers serve as law enforcement agencies in the United States of America. Whatever effective their services might be, they come at the expense of people’s lives that could be endangered in various ways....
Law enforcement and counterterrorism policymakers have to operate in a conflict between real threats and public opinion. For instance, the latter states that domestic terrorism is not viewed as something that should lead to civil liberties restrictions, and those can be interpreted in a broad sense (Carter, 2020). The notion...
The Fourth Amendment enshrines the right of citizens to privacy. Law enforcement officers can turn an investigation into a search and seizure if they prove to a court the offender’s action disputes their privacy expectations (Carthew, 2019). The police have to receive a warrant before entering a property to search....
Introduction Maintaining sustainable and effective police work is one of the guarantors of social security and stability. However, in the context of specific factors, for instance, the lack of funding, preserving the productive order of the management of police activities can be revised, and interventions may be inevitable. The proposed...
Introduction First American police forces were primarily influenced by those in England. American law enforcement organizations borrowed from London’s first modern police agency, crime control and prevention missions, preventative patrol strategies, and quasi-military organizational designs. Along with these three components, American policing adopted additional aspects of British policing, such as...
Introduction In the movies depicting criminal investigations, viewers often see that the accused appeal to their right to remain silent and speak only in the presence of their attorneys. The right to keep silent is indeed existent, and it is prevalent not only in the US judicial system but also...
Introduction For a functioning society, the people that comprise it must obey sets of explicit and implicit rules. The various existent laws are therefore aimed at protecting peace in the society, such as by protecting people’s property rights and personal security, and to create communities that are efficient and well-ordered....
The United States Constitution is a finely balanced document. According to Central Washington University (2013), the Constitution is a living document; it is intended to support a national government that is powerful and flexible enough to satisfy the republic’s demands while remaining restricted and just enough to safeguard people’s fundamental...
The Jim Crow laws are the common unofficial name for the racial segregation laws in some states in the United States between 1890 and 1964. After the Civil War, which freed the black people from slavery, the federal government took steps to ensure their rights. In response, Southern Democrats passed...
