Introduction One of the determining elements affecting the functioning of democracy in modern times has been the concentration of corporate power. In his book, Crouch (33) makes the case that as nations become more unequal, the corporate elites’ increasing power and riches have created the privileged position that has always...
Introduction The Chinese political system has been the subject of much debate in recent years. It is often described as authoritarian, with the government wielding immense power and influence over its citizens. However, aspects of the system suggest more democratic elements, such as citizens’ ability to vote for the president. To...
Introduction The political system of the Soviet Union was revolutionary in many ways, both internally and externally. The country was the first attempt at a communist government in the world at that time and thus had some unorthodox features in its system. This essay will discuss the Soviet Union’s political...
Introduction White nationalism can be defined as a movement or an ideology, cultural or political, that looks at the representatives of the white race as the preferred carriers of the national identity. At the same time, the white race is considered to be at the center of the historical development...
Introduction Populism is a specific kind of rhetoric or ideology that purports to represent the wants and interests of the general public in opposition to the “establishment” or elite. Typically, it presents a polarized picture of the sociopolitical scene to motivate and encourage marginalized social groups. People-centrism and anti-elitism are...
Description of the Party The Reform Party of the United States of America was founded in 1995. It was originally established as the “Reform Party of the United States” by Ross Perot, who ran as an independent candidate for president in 1992 and 1996. The party aims to bring about...
The Communist Party of China (CPC) has significantly shifted its attitude towards Confucianism over the years. While the Party once denounced Confucianism as a reactionary philosophy that supported feudalism and was incompatible with Marxist ideology, it has embraced Confucianism in various forms today. One of the reasons it does this...
Introduction In The Prince, Machiavelli’s central thesis is that a ruler, or Prince, must be willing to use any means necessary to maintain power. In other words, a ruler must be willing to act ruthlessly and without regard for moral or ethical considerations if the state’s stability and security are...
Introduction Both Peter Kropotkin’s The Conquest of Bread and Friedrich Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom are essential economic writings. They both investigate the function of government in economic systems, emphasizing the relationship between government and financial freedom, but they give diverse perspectives on the subject. This essay contends that despite...
Introduction The classification of Uganda as an electoral autocracy dates back to 1996. The score of 0.19 in 1990 and the score of 0.23 in 2020 for Uganda’s liberal democracy have not considerably changed, and Uganda has not made any significant improvements (Christensen and Latin 54). The six indices that...
“The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,” a short tale by Ursula K. Le Guin, depicts a hypothetical situation in which a perfect society exists, but its pleasure is contingent on the misery of one child. The narrative addresses moral issues with utilitarian ideals of sacrificing the few for the...
Nationalism, as an ideology that prioritizes the needs of an individual nation or state finds its reflection in many modern countries. With the rising globalization of the world, it becomes important for some nations to emphasize their interests on the global arena. The degree to which each nation values its...
Introduction Fidel Castro’s revolution was principally motivated by the national longing for liberation from tyranny. Since communism was the alternative to nation-by-class segregation, it is conceivable to see this revolution as both liberational and communist. However, it was primarily the propagation of communism ideology that allowed the revolutionist army to...
Introduction The dominant system in the United States has always been capitalism. It is described as an economic system in which private individuals or firms, as opposed to the government, own and manage the labor force, capital goods, and natural resources that go into production (Shaw, 2014). In a socialist...
Introduction According to The Communist Manifesto, written in 1848 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the history of mankind can be examined as an endless fight between the oppressors and the oppressed (Richards 11). The same source states that originally, society was a primitive communism, that did not involve personal...
It is hard to disagree that the world considers the United States (US) to be the promoter and encourager of democracy and freedom. The value and interconnection of these two concepts are evident. Many Americans believe that it is essential for them to support democratic ideas (Pew Research Center, 2018)....
Introduction Marxism is a communal, radical, and commercial philosophy that scrutinizes the outcome of entrepreneurship, efficiency, and financial growth and disputes for a worker revolution to inverse capitalism to favor communalism. Liberalism is a radical fiscal policy highlighting personal independence and protecting individual rights against the public and private economic...
Capitalism, land and natural resources, racism, and exploitation have multifaceted relationships. Capitalism generally relies on the exploitation of land and natural resources, as well as the exploitation of marginalized groups of people. This action frequently results in the concentration of money and power in a few elites’ hands while the...
Introduction At the moment, the boundaries of traditional views and postulates, on which Republicans and Democrats habitually stood, are beginning to fade. It becomes noticeable that people are experiencing “dissatisfaction and frustration with the American political system” (Drutman, 2018). Republicans are cursing more and more to the right; they are...
One of the controversial aspects raised during the lecture was the assertion that individual rights are more important than the rights of society. Every person has individual rights that may go against public notions of good and evil. In such a situation, the individual must choose a direction: follow the...
The definition of capitalism refers to a certain economic system. It differs in that private entities own and dispose of property according to their interests and needs. The interests of society are served by supply and demand, which are freely established in the market. In modern society, the capitalist system...
Introduction Among the infinite number of perspectives on utopia, there is one concerning the unlimited power of youth to fight for liberties and social change and win in such fights. This perspective was presented by Salemink et al. (2018), who claim that the increase of youth on a global scale...
Being a Democrat or Republican has become one of the defining features of most Americans’ self-concept. The level of political polarization among the public has been steadily rising within the last twenty-five years and reportedly reached a record high in 2020 (Heltzel & Laurin, 2020). Deliberately purchasing or avoiding goods...
Introduction Since the proclamation of independence on August 17, 1945, the country has continuously sought to establish a strong democratic society – the struggle that persists today. In general, the country’s political history starting from the second half of the 20th century up until today, is divided into three periods,...
Introduction Progressivism is the support of social progress in society through innovative reforms that often abandon such things as conservatism and traditionalism. This movement can be viewed as a philosophy based on the idea of change and claims to achieve fulfillment in the development of human life. As a political...
Introduction France is a world-renowned fashion and cuisine mogul. This country is also one of the biggest players on the international stage. It is rightfully considered the political heart of Europe due to the high cost France paid during its Civil War and the two consequent world wars (Djuve et...
Democratic frameworks have long been recognized as the optimal and most efficient method of state-building. As such, states that aspire to thrive and succeed are expected to pursue such a paradigm. However, in spite of its widespread across the globe, democracy is a complex framework that comprises many aspects. First...
Introduction The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States by Martin Delany is a powerful example of a politically-driven innovation particularly relevant for its time. This work, being written by an African-American man, showcases the sharpness of insight into something considered the norm then...
The political speech “People and Peace, Not Profits and War” was pronounced by Shirley Chisholm on March 26, 1969, to the US House of Representatives. She was an African-American Congresswoman from New York, and her speech was against the Vietnam war and the draft. The politician drew attention to the...
Introduction The political system is a set of legal institutions that constitute a state or a government. It can also be defined as the agreed forms of political behavior in states’ legal organization and also the reality of the way the state functions. Having a particular political system in a...
Over the past century, the very mentioning of communism has immediately implied a negative context in the Western political arena, which had an understandable and sensible reason. Due to the aggressive actions and political crimes that supported the introduction of the Communist agenda into the USSR in the early and...
Democracy is rightfully seen as the essential tool for promoting equality within society and ensuring equal distribution of social and financial goods. However, to understand the core nature of democracy and its connection to economic well-being, it is vital to realize the extent of its effects. Specifically, establishing whether democracy...
Introduction Analyzing Levi’s experience, it could be seen that the specific morality of the Nazis is formed on such ideas and principles as cruelty, community, dehumanization, social Darwinism, and exploitation. Primo Levi’s experience gives readers a great opportunity to assess the morality and ethics of the Nazis and understand what...
Introduction A system of collaborative decision-making defined by a certain degree of equality amongst members at a crucial point of the process is “democracy” broadly. This description should be noticed for several things. First, democracy is concerned with making decisions that are intended to be binding on all group members....
Introduction The United States of America places a high value on liberty, as reflected in its foundational writings and cultural celebrations. De Tocqueville’s Democracy in America acknowledges that liberty cannot be taken for granted and needs to be constantly safeguarded and promoted. There have been worries in recent years that...
Introduction American democracy has been affected by various issues since time immemorial. During the 2020 US Presidential Election verification, an angry mob attacked the US Capitol (Li et al., 2022). The incident happened on the eve of admitting Trump’s defeat by President Biden (Li et al., 2022). The January 6th...
Free speech is essential in the community for expressing one’s opinions, thoughts, convictions, and beliefs. Furthermore, free speech permits individuals to genuinely engage in democracy and the development of society by discussing problems that impact citizens’ regular lives frankly and publicly without fear. However, excessive freedom of expression in some...
Platforms for social media enable people, businesses, and brands to create personas that represent and connect with potential consumers and subscribers. Personal information is shared by users of these social media platforms that have been, in some instances, like the Analytica scandal. These cases have raised concerns about the security...
The philosophy of Marxism represents a complex amalgamation of interpretations of the conflict between the working class and the bourgeois. As a result, the interpretations of the Marxist theory also vary quite wildly. Skocpol’s idea of Marxism as the combination of social and political forces driving the change is quite...
Political instability and conflict are major challenges that many Middle East countries continue to experience. Muslim extremist groups and military invasions by other countries have made the Middle East’s political environment hostile to good governance (Marks & Bell, 2019). One of the countries greatly affected by conflict is Iraq and...
The capitalist ruling of the world has been criticized and condemned for a variety of reasons, but the violent pursuit of its goals has been at the forefront. Often revolutionary movements went along with the violence that destroyed national ideas and identities. Capitalism began to lead societies because it achieved...
Introduction In the era of the Cold War between the two large political camps, namely the United States of America and the Soviet Union, the tensions were omnipresent. In the context of the dominant views that opposed any manifestation of the anti-democratic approach, such streams of opinion as McCarthyism appeared....
Progressives Characteristics and Examples A fundamental characteristic of a progressive individual seems to be an awakened sense of fairness. According to Roosevelt (1913), a progressive individual is a person of faith, not a religious man, but rather one who believes in justice, righteousness, and goodness. The progressive individual stands for...
Introduction Administration refers to a form of acts and mandate that manages a state, territory, or other legal subdivision. The administration controls setting and implementing communal protocols and security, international programs, wealth, and social utilities. Even though all administrations have identical obligations, they are conducted in various processes depending on...
Communist society was formed primarily to eliminate capitalism, which was regarded as a social class system that misused workers. The employees who were misused established class-consciousness, causing class conflict that was resolute by revolutionary struggle. The public raised against the bourgeoisie and created a communist society. The founders of communist...
Over the past centuries, the world has experienced an evolving pattern of patriarchal practices. There is constant change in human societies and the way they operate. The concept of patriarchy refers to the overall manifestation of male dominance over women and children in the community. However, in the current world,...
Introduction Slavery was a formal institution in the United States until the American Civil War and the eventual implementation of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. Abraham Lincoln – the 16th President of the United States – played a vital part in the abolishment of slavery during his...
A caste system is an extreme example of stratification, a social structure that includes several mutually exclusive populations; it is one of the extreme forms of social discrimination based on class, ethnicity, or culture. In societies with a caste system, membership is determined at birth and remains the same throughout...
The three articles discuss democracy in America as achieved by the various groups. According to Madison (1961), large republicans offer more safety to property from the social complexity they produce through their diverse factions. He asserts that society is divided into two groups: the majority who lack property such as...
Political parties serve various functions, some of which strengthen democracy. Interested candidates join parties that align with their goals and ideologies. Similarly, citizens vote for aspirants who belong in political parties they feel will best represent their interests. Parties run and organize elections, recruit and nominate candidates for elective positions,...
The imperialist intentions of the USA and Europe have had a cardinal influence on the modern world. All countries without exception fell under the influence of imperialism and the division of the world. That is why it is considered very relevant to study the issues of imperialism, as they reveal...
Introduction Left-wing policies support social equality, redistribution of income from the poor to the rich, and the abolition of the class structure. When communist parties emerged from the most radical wing of social democracy, they were also considered leftists. The left has traditionally advocated the expansion of democracy and political...
Security for freedom and vice versa is one of Western civilization’s longest and oldest ideological disputes between public figures and thinkers. I believe that this philosophical conflict comes from ancient Sparta and Athens’s economic and political confrontation. The digitalization of all human processes and activities has provided societies with anonymity....
Propaganda has always been a powerful tool in the hands of any government, especially during wars. In her article The American Wartime Propaganda during World War II, Mia Sostaric discusses how the United States used a rather unusual appeal to promote the war to Americans: the comic books. Using the...
One of the most important and influential concepts that have changed the human world is capitalism. It is impossible to overestimate the influence and importance of capitalism on society, economy, culture and science. Capitalism is one of the social and economic developments existing in the world. The history of its...
Introduction Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the world has seen significant growth in liberal democracy. The simultaneous development of globalization has led to the rapid sharing of cultures and general diversity around the world as political and economic ties grew. Democracy was thriving as individuals saw...
If one is tasked with finding the most influential text of European modernity, then Karl Marx’s (1848) Communist Manifesto would be a top contender, if not a certain winner. The impact it had over the history of the 19th and 20th centuries is hard to overstate. Even today, though the...
The radical republican reconstruction plan was a set of measures put in place after the American Civil War to ensure that African Americans would have equal rights. These measures included passing the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the constitution, as well as creating new civil rights legislation. If I...
Abstract This study aims to explore the impact that Hindu nationalism has had on desecularization in India. Four research questions underpin the current investigation. They explore the roles played by Indian political movements in creating a unified vision of the state, the influence of rising Hinduism sentiments on the country’s...
Introduction The current President of the United States is Joseph Biden; he is the American leader, and one may compare it with the “ideal prince” described by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1532 in his work The Prince. The times are different now, and probably not all descriptions from there will be...
Every nation is remarkable, and one’s devotion to their country characterizes their personality. As a citizen of the United States, I have been raised with a commitment towards my homeland and, although I am only in high school, I recognize the significance of representing and protecting our people. To me,...
It is well-known that social democracy is a political ideology that aims to provide people with social, financial, and political security, equal opportunities, and justice, as well as build a society that can adjust to changes. Social policy describes a governmental plan that has the goal of reforming or improving...
More than 200 years of development of original American federalism has led to a very curious situation. In the 50 states, which, in accordance with the US Constitution, have their own broad rights and powers that do not contradict federal law, local laws vary greatly. It is necessary to consider...
Introduction George Lakoff overturns family relations on the internal political life of the state and fills bureaucratic mechanisms with feelings. Such an attitude towards politics helps people feel not as a soulless, indifferent detail in a vital mechanism but as a personality embedded in political and social institutions. George Lakoff...
Zombie Marxism by Gonzalez (2021) This essay recaps how Marxism haunts Europe and the whole world, unequivocally depicting Marxism as a global threat to the American narrative. According to Gonzalez (2021), successful modern Marxists understand that economics does not determine all human actions, and the internal contradictions of capitalism will...
Social campaigns usually strive towards a particular goal, and liberation movements, for example, aim to free specific groups from discrimination and obtain equal rights. For example, the primary purpose of the 1950s and 1960s Civil Rights movement was to eliminate racial segregation in the United States at that time (OpenStax,...
Islamism is a political movement that seeks to impose Sharia law in Muslim-majority countries and, in some cases, globally. Alternatively, Islamism refers to a range of ideologies that seek to apply Islamic principles to public life. There is no one single definition of “Islamism,” and the term can be used...
Confucianism is characterized as a social organization and morality system than a religion. There is no belief in a higher being or supernatural powers in Confucianism. In addition, it is built on the ancient religious foundations that seek to establish social values, institutions, and transcendent ideals within Chinese society. It...
Although the classical and reform approaches to liberalism have certain parallels, they are vastly diverse and have different perspectives on the function of law. Civil freedoms should be protected by the rule of law, according to classical liberalism. The bulk of classical liberals thought that the government should have little...
Pluralism is a political ideology where power is shared among different groups in society. It implies the decentralization of decision-making to people from diverse backgrounds who hold a variety of opinions. In a pluralist society, rather than an elite of people, relatively small but independent groups contribute to the running...
Realists and constructivists commonly discuss the concept of the identity of states. Using the realist standpoint, one should understand what is real and possible for a particular situation. In other words, it is important to accept reality as it is, with all its pros and cons. Constructivists, in their turn,...
The Democratic Republic of Congo is repeatedly considered one of the poorest states in the world by different rankings. Along with that, according to Transparency International, the DRC is also among the most corrupt states in the world. Although there are many possible causes for poverty, the great diversity of...
Federalism is a political and legal mechanism that protects local communities from the tyranny of the central government. Federalism is a means of democratization since it allows the population to participate in the political process at several levels of government. It is a method of increasing the efficiency of public...
Democracy is a political system based on the principle of the people’s collective will, through which all important decisions for the community are made. However, to make an informed choice, vote for the most helpful candidate for the country, support policies, or resist destructive trends, it is necessary to have...
Introduction Progressivism is the support and advocacy of social progress in society through reforms that often go against society’s traditional notions. As a philosophy, it is based on the idea of progress, which argues that advances in science, technology, economic development, and social organization matter for the improvement of human...
A plethora of government structures and concepts merit scrutiny and investigation. Federalism is one of the systems and concepts that make up these systems and ideas. Federalism is a complicated system applied in some countries. The flexibility to share power and meet the demands of students is only part of...
Ideology is the frame of reference through which an individual sees the world. Ideology is roughly defined in sociology to be the total sum of a combination of values, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations. Ideology exists in the community, in organizations, and between individuals. It influences our ideas, behaviors, and relationships,...
The phenomenon of ideology is ambiguous; until now, experts in the field of political science and political philosophy have expressed different points of view on the issues of defining the boundaries of ideology and ideological relationships. The existing definitions and interpretations of the very concept of “ideology” often contradict each...
Indeed, there are many imperfections and vulnerabilities that democracy as a political system has. When certain factors of democracy are abused or overemphasized, this may lead to the deformation of democracy into other forms of political ideas such as ochlocracy or oligarchy. Therefore, it is essential to identify imbalances in...
Inequality in society relates to societal relationship processes that restrict or degrade a group’s social standing, social class, and social circle. Accessibility on the right to vote, freedom of expression and assembly, the breadth of property ownership, education opportunities, health care, decent housing, traveling, communication, tourism, and other social services...
Egalitarianism is a concept based on creating a society with equal social and civil rights for all members. The principles of egalitarianism underlie the programs of various political parties. Egalitarian democracy aims to achieve political equality. Egalitarian politics presupposes equal participation in the political process, equal representation, equal protection of...
Although the Founding fathers may have been right concerning the citizens’ engagement with politics at their time, I believe that now such a premise is not true. Indeed, the longitude public surveys in the U.S. conducted by such companies as Pew Research Center and Gallup reveal that approximately 50% of...
The economic system now corresponds to capitalism, which affects all strata of society, making huge gaps between them culturally and socially. Since humanity has gradually come to capitalism, one cannot put responsibility for these developments on anyone. However, there must be a critique since moving away from this economy to...
One of the main concepts in democratic theory is equality. Countless scholars theorize about the impact of inequality, especially economic and political ones, on democracy. Increasingly, contemporary theorists discuss egalitarian democracy as a necessary development course for the current social structure. Egalitarian doctrines emphasize that people should have equal opportunities...
It is no secret that Karl Marx was the defining figure of many European scientific disciplines such as history, philosophy, economics, and political science. He developed many original political-historical and socio-economic ideas and even proposed his own conceptual system explaining critical civilization processes and events. His philosophical model, namely historical...
Ideas are generally defined as claims about the normative legality of some actions, causal relationships, and world descriptions. They play a critical role in human conception and usually drive actions and interpretations. Organized ideas about a topic are typically referred to as conceptual frameworks and visualize the relationship among various...
The history of politics is abundant with various theories and ideologies that seek to present their views on how the society and its economic production and exchange should be organized in a better manner. Some of these concepts, such as capitalism, arose naturally as a result of historical changes; others...
After World War Two, the US became an economic superpower with global influence in political, military, cultural, and technological affairs. This growth intensified the fight for economic justice and civil rights, which aligned with the communist theory. This group gained popularity because of its growing membership, ideology, and funds from...
Introduction Authoritarianism is commonly portrayed in Western media as an emptily negative, detrimental, and dangerous political system of governance. As a basic definition, authoritarianism is a form of government characterised by power being concentrated in the strong central government, most usually around one individual who is the political leader of...
There is a great extension between the developed world and the developing world’s political idealism. The political situation envelops the key leadership in developing their key developmental strategies. Much of the realism emanates from ensuring its citizens can meet their basic needs. To be termed a developing world means a...
Introduction The term “anarchism” usually refers to general principles and fundamental concepts. These aspects often provide for the abolition of the state and the exclusion from the life of the society of any political, economic, spiritual, or moral authority. Unfortunately, to date, there is no consensus and assessment regarding the...
Traditionally, the South was predominantly Democratic. However, a strategy implemented by Republican candidates like Richard Nixon and Barry Goldwater led to a shift that transformed the region into a Republican stronghold. Three main factors played significant roles in that shift, including the “Southern Strategy,” economic growth of the Sun Belt...
When it comes to issues, beliefs, and philosophy, the Republican and Democratic parties do not share the same opinion. Generally speaking, both Republicans and Democrats support the programs of their respective parties. In-party consensus applies to particular concerns such as economic, healthcare, and immigration policy. Republicans support strict immigration restrictions,...
Introduction The concept of democracy, notwithstanding its ever-growing topicality in the modern society, is not as easy to explain as it may seem to be. In one respect, its meaning as the power of people is familiar to the vast majority; on the contrary, it is exclusively semantic and provides...
Introduction For the last two decades – since the fall of the Suharto regime – Indonesia’s political life can be considered fairly active. Indeed, while the autocratic New Order period was characterized by the lack of political and religious freedoms and human rights violations, the reformation era represents the restoration...
Introduction The recent trends in global freedom have raised concerns about the future of democracy. The Freedom Report records that the global freedom index has constantly declined in the past fifteen years. For the most part, the democratic space is filled with autocratic leadership. In the past few years, the...
The adoption of regulations to restrict entry into the United States is aimed at prohibiting the admission of people who committed violations of immigration policy. This issue concerns persons with a criminal record, violators of immigration laws, those who committed forgery or provided false information to obtain a visa, persons...
Introduction Although the idea of a coherent and consistent national character is rather old-fashioned and questionable, the notion of national style has proven to be of much more validity. As a clearly defined social and political construct, it manages to clear up at least some of the confusion and chaos...
While discussing communism, the question arises: why exactly did East Germany become the place where the experiment on the realization of the Marxian utopia of building a communist society was destined to occur? It is essential to understand that there is no definite answer to this question. As the author...
Introduction Throughout the centuries of states’ existence, various political ideas and movements have emerged to represent people’s views on how a state should function and in what ways people should interact. In this regard, national identity has played a significant role in forming political, social, and cultural environments. Despite the...
