There are different ways in which people may organize themselves and the territory they live in, and states and nations are some of the most important. ‘State’ refers to an organization that has sovereignty over a specific territory, meaning that it can institute laws and ensure those present in this...
Introduction A contract protest refers to a written opposition by an interested party to the contract award of a company that claims that either the contract was not qualified or was not to be awarded. The protest may include the termination or revocation of contracts due to the improper award...
Dear Chairman Tim Kaine: On he was elected the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama commented that “we have never been a collection of red states and blue states; we are, and always will be, the United States of America.” Even though President Obama made a direct appeal...
The US Supreme Court is the highest in America. The current composition consists of 9 judges, 6 of whom are conservatives, 3 are liberals. However, it is worth considering each judge separately, as only two of them are of extreme political views, and there is no chairperson among these two....
Political polarization in the United States is among the major problems due to the overall intensity and scale of the tension between Republicans and Democrats. It is important to note that both parties used to occupy a political position closer to the center with room for deviation, but the recent...
Federalism is one of the core principles on which the United States is built. It is a system of government in which authority is divided equally among the federal government and the states (Schmidt et al., 2018). The Constitution outlines what power each side holds (Schmidt et al., 2018). In...
The separation of powers may be regarded as one of the most significant concepts of the United States Constitution that aim to guarantee the stability of federal governance and the limitation of all power for one group or individual. Thus, the government is divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches....
The state’s principal buildings have a special meaning not just as architectural structures but as symbols of the government and its power. For the American citizens, the Capitol represents the legislative branch of the government. The Insurrection of the Capitol has become a tragic and unprecedented event in the United...
The first American Political System existed during the period between 1792 and 1824. The system used two parties competing for control over the congress, the states, and the presidential position. The federalist party was created by Alexander Hamilton, and the Republican party was formed partly by Thomas Jefferson. The advantages...
Introduction The Chancellor is the head of the German government and hence referred to as the Federal Chancellor. He/she heads the Federal state and therefore in charge of the executive branch of the government. This position is equal to the position of the prime minister in other countries or the...
Conservatism was more concerned with each other where they believed in protecting one another. For example, when Savio was arrested, the protesters ensured that they fought for his release and later created the Berkeley Free Speech movement that incorporated students involved in campus political parties (Boyer 887). Their liberal views...
The ethical issues illuminated in the case were identified as a strategic application of tactics to circumvent stipulated policies and mismanagement of public funds. There was a bitter relationship between those in authority and their juniors, who could not point out the wrongdoings perpetrated by their seniors. Decision-making became a...
The United States of America is a presidential republic. Under this form of government, the role of the head of state is enormous. The President has specific functions, rights, and duties, although power, as in any democratic country, is limited to the legislative and judicial bodies. The future development of...
The right to bear arms remains a contentious subject in the United States, with the public holding divided opinions on the issue. The Second Amendment outlines the citizens’ liberty to keep and bear arms (Winkler, 2018). In framing the provisions of the Second Amendment, the founding fathers sought to empower...
The fourth branch of the United States government is a conglomerate of administrative agencies funded by public money to help in the expansive sharing of powers. In many instances, this unofficial arm of the government gets delegated with decision making duties by the U.S Congress; hence raising some concerns. One...
Political quotas have played a crucial role in helping women increase their political representation in Latin America and in the Dominican Republic specifically. These gender-specific political quotas are a direct application of gender and equality laws established in the Dominican Republic (Jiménez 133). Quotas have helped increase women’s political representation...
Introduction Checklists are necessary to ensure that issues have been addressed and that all relevant information required by concerned parties has been included. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is the cornerstone for government procurement laws and regulations. FAR provides necessary details of confirming that everybody follows the rules. PAC is...
The work of police officers is dangerous, challenging, and requires a specific set of skills. However, the list of such abilities is often reduced to physical development and not includes wide range of intellectual one. For this reason, higher education is not among recruitment demands, and usually finished high school...
Differences Within China China has several differences within its population ranging from social, cultural, political, religious, and education variations amongst others. Chinese societies have class divisions which have led to the categorization of people based on their work, healthcare services, education, and occupation. China has different languages, with Mandarin being...
The Federal government’s purchasing processes in the United States are governed by strict procurement laws, protocols, and regulations that specify the correct procedures to be adhered to. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is one of the essential rules. FAR is a complex collection of regulations that governs the federal administration...
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an exemplar of a Union with positive impacts far outreaching the strength of a single nation. On August 6, 1966, Sheikh Zayed, ruler of Abu Dhabi, rose into Presidency and thus began his visionary move toward creating a Federation almost a decade before the...
Introduction The United States Congress is a legislative branch of the federal government of the United States that is made up of two branches: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Article One of the Constitution details its formation, the process of lawmaking, the powers that each house possesses, and...
The Concept of ‘Good Governance’ Good governance is used primarily within the international development studies to explore the way in which government institutions go about resources management and control over the public. According to Agere, governance consists of the decision-making and the ability to implement institutional policies (25). Governance is...
The American government operates on three main principles; the separation of powers, checks and balance, and federalism. The three principles guide the functions and coexistence between the federal and the state governments and the three departments of the government, the judiciary, legislature, and the executive. Separation of powers ensures the...
Acute racial-based social inequalities are one of the key topics raised by Hansberry in her play A Raisin in the Sun. In particular, the author focuses on housing issues and cites controversial situations reflecting the attitude of the US white population to the black community regarding a possible neighborhood and...
Introduction One of the distinct features of the U.S. governmental system is the existence of three separate (though interdependent) powers, including the legislative, the judiciary, and the executive branches. Although the functions of the President, the Congress, and the Supreme Court may be easily identifiable, there is no actual mention...
Introduction The discrepancies in national and state government policies can cause the fall of federalism. In particular, the negligence of public spheres, specifically healthcare and education, will not contribute to an economic advancement of the country (Smith, 2010, p. 14). With regard to the above, the primary goal of lobbying...
The figure below shows the structure of the Alaska State Legislature and the committees operating within it. The Alaska State Bicameral is the smallest legislative system in all of the states of America. This is based primarily on factors such as geographic size of the state and its small population....
Author’s Main Ideas The article on “Tactical Urbanism 2: Short-Term Action, Long-Term Change,” presents Mike Lydon’s ideas on what he considers the best steps that a government should take in transforming community neighborhoods. Through their actions, the outcomes will have significant effects on the projects that people embarked on at...
It can be stated that the political, economic, and social sustainability of a country and the empowerment of youth are interrelated phenomena. Intra-state situations influence the shaping of many of a generation’s unique traits, but it is the youth who decides the country’s future. The UAE government has adopted seventeen...
Introduction Natural disasters occur on Earth more and more often, bringing death and suffering to people, destroying the economy, and damaging the environment. A hurricane is an extremely fast and strong, often destructive and long-lasting air movement. It is one of the most powerful forces of the elements and its...
Introduction The supreme court of the United States is the top judicial organ according to article three of the country’s constitution. As a result, the court has judicial powers over other courts in the country including the federal and state courts. The court is tasked with various judicial and constitutional...
Summary It is crucial both economically and socially, to prevent emergency situations or significantly reduce their scale in case of occurrence. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement a targeted state policy in the field of protecting the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies. Such protection...
The first stage of the National Response Framework’s activities is to prevent the emergence of a terrorist, the Internet (cyber), or other massive threat to the population. It should be noted that it is not only the structures of national and regional security that deal with threat prevention. Individuals and...
Introduction A concerted effort has been undertaken by the US health care system to improve the quality of care received by American citizens. These efforts are based on the Affordable Care Act of 2010 that documents new incentives and strategies for quality health care (Ogrosky & Kracov, 2010). The government...
Although there are numerous ways to address any issue, the best results can be achieved when it has been thoroughly analyzed and presented to a general audience. Moreover, it is crucial to set up a campaign and advocate for its implementation, providing proper reasoning in a bright and concise manner....
According to Wasserman, the ‘dance of legislation’ is the process when an idea or a bill can become a law. The main job of Congress is to create laws. Laws are usually developed from an idea proposed by politicians or legislation coming from the President of the United States. However,...
Urban Renewal Urban renewal is a complex series of processes which attempt to revitalize struggling or run-down urban areas via means of land redevelopment, conservation, rehabilitation, or other tools to encourage social and economic growth (Mallach, 2017). Involves citizens, organizations and agencies at national, state, and local levels. Congress creates...
In 1787, at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, the views on the issue of national supremacy were divided, and these disputes still reemerge during important political discussions. Some of the delegates were concerned that giving more powers to a new centralized government would threaten democracy (The great debate, n.d.). However,...
Introduction All countries in the world are governed by a system known as the government. The government is made up of systems and people such as administrators and legislators among others whose main role is to ensure proper governance of the state. From time immemorial, state governments have played significant...
Canada is undergoing a national crisis on its aboriginal reserves. The crisis involves the shortage, overcrowding as well as ramshackle homes in the many reserves of Canada. Several factors have led to this condition being faced, and the government is trying to look into the issue. It has set up...
Introduction On the first day of August 2011, the House of Representatives passed a bill to raise the nation’s debt ceiling by $400 billion to $14.294 trillion (Levit, 2012, p.21). The bill was referred to as the Budget Control Act of 2011. Congress had engaged in extensive discussions and negotiations...
The US government should be allowed to continue tracking and reading the emails, Facebook posts and websites of its citizens in order to protect them against terrorism. National security remains a critical issue in the United States. Citing the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers on 11 September 2001 and...
Introduction The misuse of public authority for individual gain remains a major problem in most parts of the world if not all over the place. Throughout history, the United States has witnessed countless related cases involving individuals who misused property and authority for selfish interests. Several government officials have continuously...
Introduction The parliamentary legislative process ensures that bills are debated before they become acts of parliament. The bills are drafted and then presented to parliament. The legislative process can be categorized into pre- legislative scrutiny, legislative scrutiny and post legislative scrutiny. In some cases, the bill is presented by the...
Corporate governance is described as the structure by which business organizations are organized and managed. The accepted standards of corporate governance include facilitating the practice of shareholder privileges and impartial treatment of shareholders; acknowledging the needs of other stakeholders; describing corporate conduct that is moral and merged with reliability; describing...
Introduction The Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is a body that ensures that accounting practices by government agencies are of high standards (Granof & Wardlow, 2010). This is accomplished through ongoing research in different areas of the accounting discipline, and particularly those that pertain to government entities. GASB has a...
In this paper, Joe Nocera details Republicans’ move to cut the Food and Drug Administration’s budget despite the latter’s broad new authority of ensuring food safety, a move that will have several consequences on the FDA’s activities by crippling its activities. In writing the paper, Nocera has a clear thesis...
Introduction Healthcare is one of the vital pillars of a country’s economy. Provision of health services to the citizens is necessary for the implementation and realization of a country’s strategies and economic goals. In this regard, the thriving of a nation is influenced partly by the state of its healthcare...
The government of Saudi Arabia came up with a policy to prevent smoking among its citizens. For instance, the government restricted smoking in government institutions and public places. The government did this under a royal decree; the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) made this possible. Secondly, the policy prohibited people under...
The current financial transaction carried out by a nation with other countries across the world is measured by its current account balance. In addition, it is crucial to mention that a nation that borrows from other global partners might operate its current account in deficit. This implies that its position...
Type of Government The creation of the Declaration of Independence was influenced by two major factors. First, the 13 states were considered colonies of the British Empire. Second, the socio-economic forces that prevailed during that time period were different from the socio-economic forces that exist today. As a result, the...
Introduction Political parties play a crucial role in the running of governments all over the world. Parties exert influence on the government or run the government through party candidates who hold political office often after winning an election. The party model of politics has been adopted by all nations in...
Introduction With the disintegration of the USSR or Soviet Union in 1991, the newly formed Russian Federation was the largest of the 15 geopolitical entities. Russia went into a deep recession despite initiating a number of reforms to help it come out of the centrally planned economy. The situation was...
Scientific innovation and improved international relations among countries have led to an increase in international trade. World’s population increase has posed a challenge to individual governments to meet its population demand of good and service with the scarce resources within their borders; this has necessitated the growth in international trade....
The process of health policymaking in the United States can be discussed from two different perspectives which provide the opposite contexts for policy development. These perspectives are the pluralist and elitist ones. The pluralist and elitist perspectives differ in relation to the discussed impact of interest groups on the procedure...
In this case, the United States Supreme Court rejected the Christian school’s appeal. The California-based schools wanted courses containing religious basements included in learning at the University of California. However, the university indicated that this would implicate the replacement of science textbooks and other learning books from various fields with...
Introduction The issue of representation dates back to early forms of government and representation in government, the House of Representatives, or the senate. To make the process of representation fair; several attempts have been made by the Supreme Court and politicians in ensuring that every person’s vote and right to...
The Congress The Congress is the legislative arm of the U.S. government that was established under provisions of the constitution of the country in 1789. The entity was formed to increase the representation and participation of leaders in the affairs of the country. Today the congress system comprises two houses...
Introduction and Context Terror-related incidents, corruption, mafia, warlords, peace-keeping, etc. are some of the terms which we come across quite often these days. While on the one hand there’s intense competition amongst the multinationals, on the other hand, the spurt in private armies, the presence of UN peacekeeping forces in...
Introduction The concerns of the American citizens who supported Donald Trump regarding the victory of Joe Biden and his following course of action are conditional upon the dubious efficiency of the proposed initiative. According to the President-elect, his principal intention is to “heal a nation torn apart by deep political...
Introduction BCCI which is a financial institution was established in 1972 in Pakistan. The organization operated in 78 countries and had over 40 branches. With assets over the US $ 20 billion, it was the seventh-largest private bank in terms of assets (Bank of Credit and Commerce International para. 3)....
Introduction The number of illegal immigrants into the United States has increased. Illegal immigrants have not only threatened our nation’s security but, have also put a strain on the economy. The United States has been burdened with excessive medical bills, gang violence, and an abundance of drugs and weapons that...
Historically, the United States has operated under two constitutions: the Articles of Confederation from 1781 until 1788 and the Constitution from 1788 until this day. Both documents were written at the same period and by the same people, and yet, they show more differences than similarities. In fact, comparing the...
Introduction The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature made up of the House of Representatives (lower) and the Senate (upper house). The federal government governs 13 states, each state has 2 senators in the upper house. The number of representatives is not fixed because it is dependent on the...
The Bill of Rights is comprised of the first ten amendments to the US constitution, which guarantee its citizens personal freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press. These rights were first proposed in the 18th century and were generally meant to protect people...
The right to a fair trial, in my opinion, is one of the most fundamental and important civil rights bestowed upon the people since their birth. When dealing with something as complicated and serious as criminality, the governments should be able to guarantee each citizen an equal chance to be...
It might be tempting for a present-day person living in a relatively equal society and affected by a hindsight bias to view Reconstruction as a successful project. Nevertheless, Reconstruction overall was predominantly a social, economic, and political failure. From a social perspective, Reconstruction did not achieve its purpose but created...
The purpose of this research paper is to establish the differences that exist between the Islamic corporate governance and the mainstream orientation. Corporate governance is defined as, the processes, principles and rules that govern a corporation or a company in order for it to achieve its mission. Corporate governance is...
I believe that the states should be allowed to create the policy that they want, even if it goes against the federal government, as long as it does not harm the citizens and does not go against the Constitution. It is a misnomer to equate the federal government with the...
Interest groups have played a major role in the formation of the US political scene for a long time. In my opinion, their existence is integral to American democracy because they increase citizens’ involvement in politics. While political parties’ programs can often be too complicated and ambiguous, as they have...
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an organization concerned with the preservation of the civil liberties guaranteed by law in the United States. The ACLU is involved in lobbying and litigation, providing legal assistant when civil rights of individuals seem to be violated. One of the ACLU and the...
The governmental and non-profit, or not-for-profit, organizations constitute the basis on which the economy of every state is founded. The activities of these organizations should be monitored by society as the development of the latter is dependant on the former. With the recent increase in scrutiny and public demand of...
To begin with it is necessary to mention that Lord Denning was a judge for nearly 40 years. His career started in 1944. He often made courageous, however justified decisions and made a great contribution to the development of the law and was rather an influential judge in the Commonwealth...
Lyda Krewson, Mayor of St. Louis made an announcement about the unsuccessfulness of the effort to privatize the city’s airport. This has been made public after several years of studies and multiple discussions. The fact that Lambert was controlled by one city being a regional resource has been disturbing people...
Introduction The Virginia Plan that was prepared by James Madison became the working model of the Constitution of the US. Being one of the closest associates of Washington and Jefferson, Madison actively takes part in the formation of the structure of the American government and defining the norms of relations...
Since Cronad has been through tough times due to years of war and the divisions in the country, there is a need for a new form of government. To establish new order there has to be a certain structure to the plan that will include the principles of the governing...
Introduction Legislative power in the United States is represented by a bicameral parliament called the Congress, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. Its activities are regulated by the Constitution, laws, regulations of its Chambers, and established precedents. The leading powers include taxation, trade regulation with foreign countries and...
People have feared tyranny and abuse of power for centuries. As the world moved past the Dark Ages into a democratic future, numerous systems were created to prevent the return of absolutism. The Constitution of the United States, presented in 1787, included several articles that would ensure separation of power....
There are two legal documents of vital significance to American history: the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. While both share some similarities, they also differ drastically in goals, formulation, and context. As per the Articles of Confederation, they were the first documents created on July 12, 1776, to establish...
The article titled “Pritzker ‘Fair Tax’ Would Allow for Double, Triple Taxation on Same $1 Earned” was written by Adam Schuster. It was published in Illinois Policy on 8 July 2020. The proposed Fair Tax amendment to the state’s constitution was initiated by Governor Jay Robert Pritzker in 2019. He...
Introduction Although almost all modern countries have written constitutions, most of which formally conform to liberal-democratic principles and speak about the rule of law, the level of well-being, and other significant circumstances, the lives of people in these countries are very different. Although the U.S. Constitution was focused on federalism,...
Abstract American federalism is dualistic — along with the subordination of states to federal law, there is an interstate equivalence. Verticality justifies Federal bodies’ supremacy over municipalities, as set out in the First Principle of the Supreme Court. On the contrary, historically, U.S. subjects have sought to achieve equal rights,...
Introduction The Supreme Court is an institution of great significance in the administration of justice in the government. It deals with cases that are mainly based on the interpretation of the Constitution. Cases that are heard and determined in the United States Supreme Court can be from any of the...
Sarah Bryner wrote the report that analyzes racial and gender diversity among the 117th congress members to discuss the election fairness and challenges faced by the candidates. The latest Congress is the most diverse in terms of race and gender, and it is the achievement of nationwide respect for equity...
Introduction Policy formation is a crucial part of a government’s regulatory activity. Well-implemented public policy can create opportunities for individuals, promote cultural growth, and even save lives by regulating certain industries. Policymaking is an involved and complicated process that has many variables from nation to nation. This essay will discuss...
Despite the success of the export economy, the countries of Latin America went through catch-up development. All this led to the weakness of Latin America’s foreign policy potential and its subordinate position in international relations. Within countries, the workers were intensively struggling for their rights, which led to the emergence...
Politics of Turkey This section of the readings examines the Turkish political system, which seeks to reconcile many choices in this complex society. Some of Turkey’s dilemmas include balancing economic liberalization with statism, security with democracy, and the Islamic faith with secularism. These alternatives make it challenging to answer whether...
Democracy is a form of government that stresses the common people’s ability to participate in political processes. The reasons to emphasize democracy and promote its further spread are numerous and relate to its links to the situation with human rights. Democracy aims to put a stop to systems in which...
Taking into consideration the particularities of the US legislation system, there is a strong necessity to explain the issues of the Supremacy Clause should be explained with particular examples from the legislation and the judicial practice. Originally, the Supremacy Clause of the US judicial system is stated in the Constitution...
Introduction The issue of white-collar crime, as Friedrichs (2009) argues, has always been much more complicated than dealing with usual, or ‘conventional’, crime due to many reasons. First of all, white-collar crime is more difficult to investigate because its committers are often protected by their official positions, personal, business, and...
Introduction The presidential power has considerably expanded since the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It involves a number of reasons, including changes in political culture, executive branch precedence, the expansion of the Federal Government and its agencies, the modern world’s emergencies, and partisan politics. The current essay aims at describing...
Before the beginning of the presidential election, the Republican and Democratic parties have significantly different demographic profiles. Throughout political events and presidential elections, the general outlook and political profile of two major parties are contrastingly different than ever before. Republicans and Democrats established little common ground between the two political...
Introduction to Hong Kong The sovereignty of Hong Kong was handed over to the Peoples’ Republic of China in 1997 (Wong, 2002). However, Hong Kong continues to maintain an independent system in most of its sectors such as taxation, accounting and auditing. This implies that Hong Kong has separate sets...
The U. S. Political System The U. S. political system is widely understood through two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. It is also essential to mention that other minor parties shape the political context of the country. The largest minor parties include the Green and...
The Constitution of the United States of America separates judicial, executive, and legislative powers into three distinct branches. The idea of the separation is to ensure a balance so that each department of the government works together with the others. The system is present on all levels: federal, state, and...
Structure of the Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is a complex system of branches, which, in turn, consists of agencies, administrative units, and other boards. The integration into a single mechanism is a successful way of organizing power and providing the convenience of control. Before the...
Bureaucracy is a specific system of governing presupposing the use of a certain body responsible for decision and policy-making. It can also be viewed as a framework where the majority of important decisions are taken by appointed officials supervising various areas. The given type of system is defined to maintain...
Introduction The country that will be described later in this essay is called Aristotia in honor of Aristotle, who was the first to describe three main government styles. Aristotle is located in the South American region and has access to the Atlantic Ocean. The new government, in the form of...
The selected country experiences hard times because of the prolonged period of dictatorship and multiple cases of power abuse. The devastation in all spheres of social life preconditioned the need for change. The country is located in the Middle Eastern region, which introduces specific geopolitical and cultural factors that should...
Checks and balances are procedures that prevent the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the U.S. government from abusing power. For example, the legislative branch makes laws, and the president, the representative of the executive branch, can veto them. At the same time, Congress, the legislative branch, can override presidents’...
Introduction After the Great Depression and, later, during the 1970s, the government’s functions have expanded significantly, covering almost every imaginable aspect of individual lives. For instance, one would need a government’s license to become a private tutor or construct a new building on their property (Harper & Leicht, 2015). The...
