Introduction With the disintegration of the USSR or Soviet Union in 1991, the newly formed Russian Federation was the largest of the 15 geopolitical entities. Russia went into a deep recession despite initiating a number of reforms to help it come out of the centrally planned economy. The situation was...
Scientific innovation and improved international relations among countries have led to an increase in international trade. World’s population increase has posed a challenge to individual governments to meet its population demand of good and service with the scarce resources within their borders; this has necessitated the growth in international trade....
The process of health policymaking in the United States can be discussed from two different perspectives which provide the opposite contexts for policy development. These perspectives are the pluralist and elitist ones. The pluralist and elitist perspectives differ in relation to the discussed impact of interest groups on the procedure...
In this case, the United States Supreme Court rejected the Christian school’s appeal. The California-based schools wanted courses containing religious basements included in learning at the University of California. However, the university indicated that this would implicate the replacement of science textbooks and other learning books from various fields with...
Introduction The issue of representation dates back to early forms of government and representation in government, the House of Representatives, or the senate. To make the process of representation fair; several attempts have been made by the Supreme Court and politicians in ensuring that every person’s vote and right to...
The Congress The Congress is the legislative arm of the U.S. government that was established under provisions of the constitution of the country in 1789. The entity was formed to increase the representation and participation of leaders in the affairs of the country. Today the congress system comprises two houses...
Introduction and Context Terror-related incidents, corruption, mafia, warlords, peace-keeping, etc. are some of the terms which we come across quite often these days. While on the one hand there’s intense competition amongst the multinationals, on the other hand, the spurt in private armies, the presence of UN peacekeeping forces in...
Introduction The concerns of the American citizens who supported Donald Trump regarding the victory of Joe Biden and his following course of action are conditional upon the dubious efficiency of the proposed initiative. According to the President-elect, his principal intention is to “heal a nation torn apart by deep political...
Introduction BCCI which is a financial institution was established in 1972 in Pakistan. The organization operated in 78 countries and had over 40 branches. With assets over the US $ 20 billion, it was the seventh-largest private bank in terms of assets (Bank of Credit and Commerce International para. 3)....
Introduction The number of illegal immigrants into the United States has increased. Illegal immigrants have not only threatened our nation’s security but, have also put a strain on the economy. The United States has been burdened with excessive medical bills, gang violence, and an abundance of drugs and weapons that...
Historically, the United States has operated under two constitutions: the Articles of Confederation from 1781 until 1788 and the Constitution from 1788 until this day. Both documents were written at the same period and by the same people, and yet, they show more differences than similarities. In fact, comparing the...
Introduction The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature made up of the House of Representatives (lower) and the Senate (upper house). The federal government governs 13 states, each state has 2 senators in the upper house. The number of representatives is not fixed because it is dependent on the...
The Bill of Rights is comprised of the first ten amendments to the US constitution, which guarantee its citizens personal freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press. These rights were first proposed in the 18th century and were generally meant to protect people...
The right to a fair trial, in my opinion, is one of the most fundamental and important civil rights bestowed upon the people since their birth. When dealing with something as complicated and serious as criminality, the governments should be able to guarantee each citizen an equal chance to be...
It might be tempting for a present-day person living in a relatively equal society and affected by a hindsight bias to view Reconstruction as a successful project. Nevertheless, Reconstruction overall was predominantly a social, economic, and political failure. From a social perspective, Reconstruction did not achieve its purpose but created...
The purpose of this research paper is to establish the differences that exist between the Islamic corporate governance and the mainstream orientation. Corporate governance is defined as, the processes, principles and rules that govern a corporation or a company in order for it to achieve its mission. Corporate governance is...
I believe that the states should be allowed to create the policy that they want, even if it goes against the federal government, as long as it does not harm the citizens and does not go against the Constitution. It is a misnomer to equate the federal government with the...
Interest groups have played a major role in the formation of the US political scene for a long time. In my opinion, their existence is integral to American democracy because they increase citizens’ involvement in politics. While political parties’ programs can often be too complicated and ambiguous, as they have...
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an organization concerned with the preservation of the civil liberties guaranteed by law in the United States. The ACLU is involved in lobbying and litigation, providing legal assistant when civil rights of individuals seem to be violated. One of the ACLU and the...
The governmental and non-profit, or not-for-profit, organizations constitute the basis on which the economy of every state is founded. The activities of these organizations should be monitored by society as the development of the latter is dependant on the former. With the recent increase in scrutiny and public demand of...
To begin with it is necessary to mention that Lord Denning was a judge for nearly 40 years. His career started in 1944. He often made courageous, however justified decisions and made a great contribution to the development of the law and was rather an influential judge in the Commonwealth...
Lyda Krewson, Mayor of St. Louis made an announcement about the unsuccessfulness of the effort to privatize the city’s airport. This has been made public after several years of studies and multiple discussions. The fact that Lambert was controlled by one city being a regional resource has been disturbing people...
Introduction The Virginia Plan that was prepared by James Madison became the working model of the Constitution of the US. Being one of the closest associates of Washington and Jefferson, Madison actively takes part in the formation of the structure of the American government and defining the norms of relations...
Since Cronad has been through tough times due to years of war and the divisions in the country, there is a need for a new form of government. To establish new order there has to be a certain structure to the plan that will include the principles of the governing...
Introduction Legislative power in the United States is represented by a bicameral parliament called the Congress, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. Its activities are regulated by the Constitution, laws, regulations of its Chambers, and established precedents. The leading powers include taxation, trade regulation with foreign countries and...
People have feared tyranny and abuse of power for centuries. As the world moved past the Dark Ages into a democratic future, numerous systems were created to prevent the return of absolutism. The Constitution of the United States, presented in 1787, included several articles that would ensure separation of power....
There are two legal documents of vital significance to American history: the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. While both share some similarities, they also differ drastically in goals, formulation, and context. As per the Articles of Confederation, they were the first documents created on July 12, 1776, to establish...
The article titled “Pritzker ‘Fair Tax’ Would Allow for Double, Triple Taxation on Same $1 Earned” was written by Adam Schuster. It was published in Illinois Policy on 8 July 2020. The proposed Fair Tax amendment to the state’s constitution was initiated by Governor Jay Robert Pritzker in 2019. He...
Introduction Although almost all modern countries have written constitutions, most of which formally conform to liberal-democratic principles and speak about the rule of law, the level of well-being, and other significant circumstances, the lives of people in these countries are very different. Although the U.S. Constitution was focused on federalism,...
Abstract American federalism is dualistic — along with the subordination of states to federal law, there is an interstate equivalence. Verticality justifies Federal bodies’ supremacy over municipalities, as set out in the First Principle of the Supreme Court. On the contrary, historically, U.S. subjects have sought to achieve equal rights,...
Introduction The Supreme Court is an institution of great significance in the administration of justice in the government. It deals with cases that are mainly based on the interpretation of the Constitution. Cases that are heard and determined in the United States Supreme Court can be from any of the...
Sarah Bryner wrote the report that analyzes racial and gender diversity among the 117th congress members to discuss the election fairness and challenges faced by the candidates. The latest Congress is the most diverse in terms of race and gender, and it is the achievement of nationwide respect for equity...
Introduction Policy formation is a crucial part of a government’s regulatory activity. Well-implemented public policy can create opportunities for individuals, promote cultural growth, and even save lives by regulating certain industries. Policymaking is an involved and complicated process that has many variables from nation to nation. This essay will discuss...
Despite the success of the export economy, the countries of Latin America went through catch-up development. All this led to the weakness of Latin America’s foreign policy potential and its subordinate position in international relations. Within countries, the workers were intensively struggling for their rights, which led to the emergence...
Politics of Turkey This section of the readings examines the Turkish political system, which seeks to reconcile many choices in this complex society. Some of Turkey’s dilemmas include balancing economic liberalization with statism, security with democracy, and the Islamic faith with secularism. These alternatives make it challenging to answer whether...
Democracy is a form of government that stresses the common people’s ability to participate in political processes. The reasons to emphasize democracy and promote its further spread are numerous and relate to its links to the situation with human rights. Democracy aims to put a stop to systems in which...
Taking into consideration the particularities of the US legislation system, there is a strong necessity to explain the issues of the Supremacy Clause should be explained with particular examples from the legislation and the judicial practice. Originally, the Supremacy Clause of the US judicial system is stated in the Constitution...
Introduction The issue of white-collar crime, as Friedrichs (2009) argues, has always been much more complicated than dealing with usual, or ‘conventional’, crime due to many reasons. First of all, white-collar crime is more difficult to investigate because its committers are often protected by their official positions, personal, business, and...
Introduction The presidential power has considerably expanded since the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. It involves a number of reasons, including changes in political culture, executive branch precedence, the expansion of the Federal Government and its agencies, the modern world’s emergencies, and partisan politics. The current essay aims at describing...
Before the beginning of the presidential election, the Republican and Democratic parties have significantly different demographic profiles. Throughout political events and presidential elections, the general outlook and political profile of two major parties are contrastingly different than ever before. Republicans and Democrats established little common ground between the two political...
Introduction to Hong Kong The sovereignty of Hong Kong was handed over to the Peoples’ Republic of China in 1997 (Wong, 2002). However, Hong Kong continues to maintain an independent system in most of its sectors such as taxation, accounting and auditing. This implies that Hong Kong has separate sets...
The U. S. Political System The U. S. political system is widely understood through two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. It is also essential to mention that other minor parties shape the political context of the country. The largest minor parties include the Green and...
The Constitution of the United States of America separates judicial, executive, and legislative powers into three distinct branches. The idea of the separation is to ensure a balance so that each department of the government works together with the others. The system is present on all levels: federal, state, and...
Structure of the Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is a complex system of branches, which, in turn, consists of agencies, administrative units, and other boards. The integration into a single mechanism is a successful way of organizing power and providing the convenience of control. Before the...
Bureaucracy is a specific system of governing presupposing the use of a certain body responsible for decision and policy-making. It can also be viewed as a framework where the majority of important decisions are taken by appointed officials supervising various areas. The given type of system is defined to maintain...
Introduction The country that will be described later in this essay is called Aristotia in honor of Aristotle, who was the first to describe three main government styles. Aristotle is located in the South American region and has access to the Atlantic Ocean. The new government, in the form of...
The selected country experiences hard times because of the prolonged period of dictatorship and multiple cases of power abuse. The devastation in all spheres of social life preconditioned the need for change. The country is located in the Middle Eastern region, which introduces specific geopolitical and cultural factors that should...
Checks and balances are procedures that prevent the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the U.S. government from abusing power. For example, the legislative branch makes laws, and the president, the representative of the executive branch, can veto them. At the same time, Congress, the legislative branch, can override presidents’...
Introduction After the Great Depression and, later, during the 1970s, the government’s functions have expanded significantly, covering almost every imaginable aspect of individual lives. For instance, one would need a government’s license to become a private tutor or construct a new building on their property (Harper & Leicht, 2015). The...
Introduction The Stafford Act is a federal law in the United States meant to bring assistance to victims of natural disasters at both state and local government levels by reinforcing the efforts of both the local and the state governments. Its main intention was to encourage the local and state...
How dictatorships come to power in Latin America: the main causes/actors Latin America is full of rulers who seized leadership through military coups. Thus, dictatorship has become a part of Latin America history ever since the times of revolutions. Some dictators created stability, whereas others only created repressive regimes. Some...
American culture, legislation, economics, and other systems each have some specific notions that are known as a part of the American identity. One of such aspects is the idea of intervening in the face of injustice. The USA is the country where any individual can express his or her position...
Introduction Latin America has remained a region characterized by fragile democracy and political stability. Fortunately, the forces experienced across the world have supported the establishment of regimes and governments that are more democratic in this part of the globe. However, various governance challenges continue to affect most of the countries...
Introduction As the primary stakeholder, the Scottish government played a crucial role in financing the project. The government was also mandated, via its devolved body, the City of Edinburgh Council (CEC), to supervise and monitor the implementation of the project. The CEC sought to better execute this mandate by dividing...
The United States is a republican country headed by a president who is elected by the citizens. It is guided by the American constitutional system consisting of three branches, which are the judiciary, legislature, and executive. The government was formed based on the aristocracy, monarchy, and democratic form of power....
Introduction The possession of powerful leadership qualities is one of the outstanding strengths of competent leaders. Followers consider or prefer individuals whose competencies and abilities can transform their lives and eventually make them successful. William Jefferson Clinton’s achievements as one of the most famous American presidents are attributable to his...
The political system of the U.S. is a federal presidential republic that consists of fifty states and the Federal district of Columbia consisting of 50 States. Congress is the highest legislative body and is separated into the House of Representatives and the Senate. President embodies executive power and is the...
Government bodies, whether it be the executive or legislative branches of government, have always attracted much attention. In democratic countries, the desire of society to know about the people they have chosen to rule the country is entirely natural. In the realities of the United States, one of the bodies...
Introduction Abu Dhabi and Dubai are two of the three members of the greater United Arab Emirates alongside Sharjah. The federated states heavily depend on oil exports though they are moving towards manufacturing, service and international trade at a dramatic pace. The emirates are headed by President Sheikh Kharifa who...
Introduction This paper seeks to detail the differences in theory and reporting between government/not-for-profit accounting from for-profit accounting. The paper will also attempt to make out the differences in the classifications of accounting. Analysis and Discussion Organizations as classified according to purpose The differences between not-for-profit (NFP) accounting from for-profit...
Connecticut is the first state on the modern United States territory to adopt its Constitution, effectively declaring independence from the colonial policy of England. Established in 1639, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut became the basis for developing the state’s legal system, which has survived to this day. The amendments and...
Governments should become more efficient with tax revenue instead of increasing it unnecessarily. The main reason is that current technological advancements and capability for data analysis enable the given institutions to find the most effective solutions for the underlying issues. Increasing tax revenue is plausible only if the government is...
What is a state? Political science has defined the “state” numerous times, but researchers have not come up with a universal definition yet. However, one of the most widely used definitions of the state belongs to Max Weber. He defines the modern state as a “human community that (successfully) claims...
Introduction The last few years from the 1990s into the early 2000s have witnessed rampant growth in the sports sector in the US. According to Ayele (2002, p.1), sports have become an important element of tourism. Most countries are competing to hold sporting events. As a result, there has been...
The United States government consists of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The Constitution’s separation of powers was established to ensure a checks and balances system. This way, the power is not concentrated in the hands of a few, and the entire political system is not monopolized. The purpose of...
The U.S. Constitution explicitly establishes branches of the government with their purposes and powers. The Constitution has primarily the function of establishing the government and its three distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and outlining the system of separation of powers and checks and balances that limit the power of...
Following the 1999 Columbine High School massacre in Colorado, schools have implemented new safety protocols. Annual spending on protection and surveillance systems has reached almost $3 billion; educational institutions regularly conduct training on behavior in extreme situations (Doll, 2015). Nevertheless, since 2011, incidents involving school shooters have occurred there on...
The USA’s government is tasked with providing affordable and inclusive education to its citizens. However, the effectiveness of implementing educational policies is still in question. Over the last decade, the funding of government institutions to meet the educational expenditure demands has not equitably provided equal access to basic resources in...
Money is an essential element in politics as it enables supporting political candidates and parties. The Center for Responsive Politics provides unbiased data on the role of finance in policy-making in the U.S. (“Our Vision and Mission”). This entry analyses the sources of funding for California’s Senator Kamala D. Harris...
In the reading selection, “Security and Freedom,” Nicholas Kristof argue that after September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the US, President Bush steamrolled the civil liberties of some people, especially Muslims. According to the author, Americans have created a tradition of jacking up security at times of crisis. For instance,...
Over the past ten years, Turkey has become a confident player on the world stage. But unfortunately, Turkey is gradually turning into an authoritarian regime due to the policy of its president Reijip Tayyip Erdogan, who makes most of the decisions. Erdogan was first elected in 2014 and then re-elected...
Introduction The American president is one of the most powerful leaders in the world. Presidents in the U.S. campaign for office rely on their policy agendas which outline their objectives for the course of their term. The president is the head of state and the executive branch and has the...
The idea of expansion has been prioritized by the EU since its emergence for obvious reasons. The inclusion of new states that can amount to a powerful force regulating political and economic relationships in Europe allows enhancing the impact that the EU produces, as well as the scale of the...
The United States of America is one of the strongest and oldest democracies in the world. In the eighteenth century, Americans managed to gain their independence and proclaim the basic principles of their governance that are still applied. These norms and values are the ground for the primary laws (the...
Cybersecurity is becoming an increasingly crucial part of the defense systems of any government. Many countries have different tactics and methods for fighting off cyber attacks. The responses to such malicious activities vary from diplomatic decisions to sanctions and conflicts. For example, the U.S. strategy aims to deal even more...
The Coronavirus pandemic is a newly defining global health crisis. The virus is proving to be the most significant worldwide challenge since World War II. As a health crisis, the outbreak can potentially create crucial economic, social, and political challenges. The government and other relevant policymakers are to ensure the...
Introduction The Department of Energy (DOE) is the body of government that oversees and funds research into high energy sources that include nuclear energy, fusion energy sources, and high energy physics. The department provides over 40% of funding into these research programs for graduate students, principal investigators, and other researchers...
The separation of powers is based on the division of the tasks between the independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The power is separated to “prevent tyranny” and “ensure that no government institution nor official gains too much power” (Nelson, 2019, p. 681). Professionalism and ethical principles apply to the...
Introduction Setting up a new government in a country from scratch requires a lot of planning and thought especially if the country is one which has several religious factions. The dilemma is deciding the best system of government that can be adopted to allow the citizens to be involved in...
Introduction There are two main types of political systems in the world. These include presidential and parliamentary systems of government. In the understanding that no political system can be perfect, both of these political systems have their own benefits and disadvantages and, in some instances, share some commonalities. Whereas that...
Functions of Legislature in Different Government Set-ups The main role of any legislative arm of government is to amend and formulate laws. For most governments, the legislature’s role is usually defined by the constitution. The legislature is mainly comprised of elected representatives and is therefore assumed to be inclusive of...
The United States government has put effort to discourage and prevent unethical behaviors and practices in public offices. The government has a code of ethics that promote integrity in governance. This has lead to the attainment of skills that recognize and address decisions which make the citizens confident. Specific guidelines...
Introduction It is necessary for countries to interact with each other on a formal basis especially now that globalisation has made this phonomenon innevitable. Countries interact with each other based on their interests in other countries such as trade, security, aid and other natural resources that facilitate the smooth running...
Introduction Political parties are organizations formed to attain political power in governments. This is usually achieved through an electoral system where they campaign and are elected. Sometimes they get there through protests and outreach. Parties usually have their vision in a written form with specific goals to be achieved; political...
Introduction Modern democracy provides competent government structures which are satisfying the needs of their electorate or the people. Presidential and parliamentary methods are existing forms in democracy. One can see the different types of legislative process, administration of government, and judicial systems in democracy. Canada and USA are federal nations...
A political party is an organization that is formed by individuals with specific ideologies. It is formed to address specific issues in a given region. Individuals who are members of political parties defend the party’s values and or platform and also contribute to the party’s welfare (Wordiq par.1). The two...
Outline Laws and regulations are important for a country to be able to run well. Such guidelines are usually compiled and written under the constitution. The constitution defines the kind of leadership and powers that are to be executed by the various leaders and the rights of the citizens. However,...
Introduction The oldest democracy in the world is United State Democracy. This was set up in 1789. At that time all, the features were not as democratic as they are at present. The US is a Federal system. Federal means that the power is divided into two parts- central/national government...
The judiciary in the US and the UK functions in different ways, however, they both claim to be anchored in democratic principles. The procedures in the American and British legal systems are complex. To the concern of this paper, the adequacy of the judiciary is discussed only in so far...
Introduction This paper seeks to discuss the relationship between the US President and Congress. It will also answer the following questions: Why does each need the other? What conditions affect the success of the president with Congress and Congress with the president? This paper takes the position that the Office...
Identify the principal actors in the contemporary international system and discuss their roles in determining the stability and the instability of that system. To a great extent, the contemporary international system is considered over-simplified. This is mainly because even as the nation-state is considered a creation of modernity, most states...
Introduction: The difference in the Republican and Democratic Perspectives on Immigration in the USA The problem of migration of the citizens of other countries to the territory of the United States of America has been a legal issue addressed by the US government for many years. The question of legal...
Public sector refers to the body of management charged with the responsibility of providing services to the public in a universal manner. This body is usually the State or the government of a State and it utilizes taxpayer’s money in the provision of the services to the public. However, some...
The nature of the paradox found in this country respecting the public service The nature of the paradox found in Canada with regards to the public service is that, most Canadians view the state as having both positive and negative influence. The first part of the paradox is the negative...
Discuss the differences among the concepts of nation, country, state, government, and nation-state. Examine the growth in the number of nation-states in the international community since 1648. Discuss the proliferation of states since World War II. Consider the large number of nations in relation to the relatively small number of...
The case study “Saudi Arabia: Modern Reform, Enduring Stability” by Vietor and Forrest presents a comprehensive review of social, economic, political, and cultural spheres of modern reforms in Saudi Arabia. These changes were proposed or implemented to endure sustainability in the face of global and regional economic hurdles, rising unemployment,...
Introduction The United States of America is arguably the most developed country in the world. Therefore, many people around the globe dream about staying and working in the States. With this in mind, many people, especially from less developed countries, work day and night to secure a chance of living...
The issue of public goods provision has risen in its importance in the last decades. In this definition, a public good is an economic product or service that is consumed by the public collectively, for instance, schools, national defense, highways, fire protection, etc. are all collective goods since they are...
Introduction The US federal government has three main branches, the executive, legislative and the judiciary (“Current Legislative Activities”, n.d). Each of the three branches has specific roles that work cumulatively to benefit the whole system. The executive branch that comprises of the president, vice president, executive directors, commissions, cabinet and...
Introduction The president of the United States of America derives its powers from numerous sources. The official is regarded as ‘the most powerful and influential man in the world’ today (Ginsberg et al. 279). They have significant influence over the global political landscape. The incumbent is the leader of the...
The division of powers between three branches – legislative, executive and judicial – is an essential element of the democracy. The system of checks and balances was designed to provide. Independence, transparency and high efficiency of the interactions between these branches; it gave meaning to the idea of separation of...
Introduction The United States of America is a Federal nation made up of many states. The respective states have their autonomous governments that rule over their jurisdictions, and they operate under the laws of the federal government. Matters of developing justice policies in the respective states are similar to the...
