Computers have transformed the world because analysis of problems can be done in a click of the mouse. Computers enhance efficiency and accuracy since computerized data can be verified easily without wasting a lot of time. Computers save on time since data get organized in a way such that it...
The use of force is one of the issues that are continuously debated by many lawyers as well as journalists. Very often, the decisions of law-enforcement officers can give rise to controversies. This paper is aimed at examining how such a concept as police discretion can be applied to this...
Introduction Although most policing activities take place in private, away from the public’s view and knowledge, they make special demands on police decision making in a manner that sets the context for broader relationships between the police and the public (Alpert et al. 1; Gorringe, Stott, & Rosie 111). Today,...
Introduction Prevention of police misbehavior is no simple task. Discussions can be held and penalties can be imposed to help prevent cases of excessive force and abuse of power, but such measures do not guarantee a positive result. Steps for detecting potential misconduct might include observing anti-social behavior in police...
Employee Attitude The attitude developed by employees determines the way they perform their duties in the organizational setting. Poor attitudes may be a recipe for poor performance since attitude is the main influence on motivation, which directly influences the employee output. Positive attitudes lead to higher levels of motivation in...
Probation and punishment in the form of staying in the correctional facility can be discussed as the effective measures to punish the criminals under specific conditions. To guarantee that defendants can avoid recidivism and develop potential for their future life, it is necessary to create the positive conditions for probation,...
Lewis, Provine, Varsanyi, and Decker (2012) aimed at determining the reasons underlying the disparity in police involvement towards enforcement of national immigration laws. This article adopts the approach of a research study, but the methodology, which, usually, is the gist of any research process is lacking in various aspects. The...
The problem The number of people incarcerated in prisons across the world has increased over the last couple of years (Alinejad & Nazarinejad, 2015). This has led to overcrowding, a phenomenon that has raised a great concern among the interested parties. According to the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), overcrowding...
Introduction The article titled: “Predicting police job satisfaction and turnover intentions: the role of social support and police organizational variables” represents a study that was carried out by Paula Brough and Rachael Frame in the New Zealand police service. The authors are drawn from distinguished higher learning institutions, with Brough...
Introduction Community members expect police officers to maintain law and order at all times. At times, it is hard for police officers to know criminals in a certain locality but local people know criminals. As such, police officers expect a community to volunteer information that would assist in apprehending criminals...
The paper describes how might reorganize the police department to move away from its current traditional organization, with only one police facility and its administration and rank-laden status. The police organization needs to overhaul different occupations performed by its officers to enable it solve high crime rates within its jurisdiction....
Overview The article, titled “Barriers to Prisoners’ Reentry into the Labor Market and the Social Costs of Recidivism”, sets out to evaluate the impact of a prison record/experience on former inmates’ opportunity of getting employed in either high-end or low-end labor markets. The author puts forth arguments from the demand...
For one to become a cop or police officer in any state within the United States of America, several qualifications must be met. According to the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics website (2014), the minimum age limit for a candidate is 21 years and the applicant must be a U.S...
Paying taxes is one of the inevitable duties of every single citizen, and the residents of Oklahoma are no exception of that. However, when giving the state a huge chunk of their income, people have the right to know where the money that they pay go to, as well as...
Urban migration has become a common trend in the 21st century. Many people today spend most of their time in urban areas for educational and career purposes. As a result, the population in urban centers has grown tremendously in the 21st century. Social misconduct such as violence, crime, and drug...
Introduction A successful criminal investigation can be conducted if the investigator has adequate information about the person to be interrogated. The background information about the interviewee can be obtained by studying and understanding his culture. This paper will discuss the elements of American culture that investigators need to know when...
Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder and Fear? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593, (1), 42-65. A common challenge that police officers face at work deals with the effective application of policing practices and innovation....
The police agencies across the country are under intense pressure from the community-based organizations, human rights activists, and the public to explain the current accusations linking it with excessive use of force on members of the minority groups, especially the blacks and Indians. The critics point out that the police...
Whenever the term Attica is mentioned, what comes into one’s mind is the past riot that took place in Attica penitentiary in 1971. The prison was built with the state-of-the-art equipments, and it was believed to be one of the best prison facilities in New York City. On September 13,...
Introduction to East European Culture The East European culture stretches across several countries that fall within the boundaries of Greece, Albania, Russia, Georgia, Hungary, Slovenia, Poland, and Kazakhstan. Although the Eastern European culture (EEC) is primarily found within the geographical boundaries of Europe, some of its aspects can also be...
Introduction Policing is an activity that goes back many years in history. It is an important undertaking of any government designed to ensure the safety of citizens and to promote growth and development in countries across the world. Sir Robert Peel is one of the key individuals accredited with the...
Introduction CompStat is a strategic management tool that is used in police departments to achieve both short-term and long-term goals (Walsh, 2001). The approach utilizes “technology, operational strategy, and managerial accountability to structure the delivery of police services and provide safety to communities” (Walsh, 2001, p. 350). It is similar...
Introduction There has been the urge to improve the image of the police agency especially regarding its efficiency, effectiveness, and sensitivity in dealing with the community in their work towards maintaining law and order. The transition has been aimed for the good of both the police and the community and...
Introduction Reflectively, ethics are influenced by internal and external factors which when improperly aligned, resulting in an ethical dilemma. The main contributory factors to ethical dilemmas in decision environments include personal feelings and thoughts that are improper, especially on self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions, and perceptions. Ethical dilemmas may also arise...
Introduction Research design for the investigation of occupational hazards of police officers should be relevant to the topic and various issues that may rise in the process of pre-experiment. As such, it is necessary to outline the areas of main concern and expected outcomes that may be either supported or...
Introduction Conventionally, governments divide the public service into several sections and subsections to ensure efficiency in service delivery to the people. One of the key subdivisions in the public service is the police force. According to Raymond et al. (5), the police force is a unique set of public servants...
Background The police institution has often been accused of abuse of police authority. In the ideal, the police institution is expected to develop a good rapport with citizens based on trust, humane actions, and respect for human rights. The Ferguson Missouri Police Station is one of the most friendly and...
Introduction Throughout my career, I have worked so hard to become Chief of Police for Mississippiville. It is for this reason that I am delighted to be among the finalists to become Mississippiville’s new chief of police. I am certainly aware of the challenges the city has been facing and...
Every department within a criminal justice organization may be required to change for a variety of reasons. Although changes are initiated for good reasons, they are usually met with resistance. During such tough situations, the ability of a department to be successful in implementing change depends on its leaders. In...
Introduction The USA PATRIOT Act stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. Even though this act has been prone to exploitation by criminals, its merits are far much more than the drawbacks. Since the act is mainly focused on enforcing the law...
Introduction Workplace motivation remains to be an issue of paramount importance to any organization. Although the concept of workplace motivation has been associated with corporate and commercial sector companies, there is a growing need to encompass motivational approaches at the government agencies to ensure that workers in these agencies deliver...
Introduction A country’s Criminal Justice System serves a very essential role in preserving harmony in the society. The prison facilities which are a part of this system are of great importance since they act as the avenues through which members of the society who break the law can be punished...
Introduction The community outlined in the case scenario has been seen to fit more into a dictatorial era rather than a reform era. The military model of police management where Chief Slaughter runs departments like an army unit with strict rules is said to be hierarchically administration whereby there are...
Introduction Efficient and effective communication is certainly a requisite for organizational success. A functional communication process enables an organization to coordinate its work of various departments and individuals well, institute a sustainable teamwork culture, mitigate conflicts effectively and establish long-term beneficial relationships with relevant stakeholders including customers, suppliers, financiers, shareholders,...
Introduction The main event is the social responsibility of the Los Angeles police department. This department is involved in helping the youth from less privileged sections of the city. This objective will be achieved if the department invests its resources in the school sections of this poor community. The department...
Introduction Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole produces the most deterrent effect on violent criminals, and therefore increases public safety. The debate on whether death penalty should be upheld or put an end to has been the oldest of all the legal issues that has been raised since the...
Introduction Police is one of the major areas of criminal justice administration. The Los Angeles Police Department Gang and Narcotics Division falls squarely on the police department, bringing to justice offenders and those who break the law and cleaning up the streets of Los Angeles from all the gangs dealing...
Introduction Policies are considered to be the main sources of specific guideless which are aimed at helping a particular department operate in accordance with its needs, mission and vision. Criminal justice system consists of three agencies, police, courts and corrections. Each of these agencies operates individually, however, they all are...
Introduction Community policing is believed to be the best method of regulating and controlling crime in society by effectively involving the community and all other important stakeholders in addressing the root causes of crime and hence obtaining long-term results rather than crime-fighting which is in most cases, not the best...
The aim of policing and law enforcement is to maintain law and order, peace and tranquility in the regions under jurisdiction, which has proved to be an uphill battle in Albuquerque, New Mexico. From the late 1990s through at least 2002, the Albuquerque Police Department partnered with researchers from the...
Community policing refers to a system whereby the community is actively involved in maintenance of the area security. This system relies on the goodwill of the community members to feed the police or any other relevant authority with information regarding crime or other kinds of antisocial behavior, and the authority...
Teaching the Old Police New Tricks Because of the growing popularity of the issues concerning the police, the significance of its duty is becoming increasingly evident to the people in the UK. With help of the media sources, the population of the UK has become aware of the changes that...
Introduction According to Brannigan, the Canadian justice system can be perceived from two different angles. First, it can be presented as a criminal funnel that presents a kind of flowcharts aimed at developing and analyzing criminal cases – from crime detection to conviction. Second metaphorical comparison considers justice system as...
Introduction The justice system in Canada has been the focus of current debate concerning the problems with accusation and sentencing the criminals as well as defending the victims’ rights. It is natural that the main concern of victims is narrowed to protection and defense. All they want is to ensure...
Kirkpatrick’s four levels of evaluation include; Reactions This level measures the reaction of the person or people involved. In law enforcement practice, this aspect of evaluation can be used to gauge how people would react towards new law enforcement. This would give a clear picture to the stakeholders on the...
Group values are values shared by a particular group to form subcultures, which are groups of people characterized by unique set of beliefs, values, and principles that operate in a large organization. The importance of a culture is provision of behavior norms. Inmates subculture and correction officer are the dominant...
Introduction Currently, technological advancements go hand in hand with criminal investigations. In the last ten years, technological advancements have developed at an astonishing speed. “Increased computing power, advances in data transmission and attractive user-friendly graphic interfaces, present law enforcement agencies with unprecedented capacity to collect, store, analyze and share data...
Use of force by law enforcement officers to accomplish a justifiable police function such as defending self and others, in making arrests, and other suitable actions in law enforcement is considered legitimate and lawful. However police officers have been charged in many occasions to have used excessive or unnecessary force...
Introduction Police corruption is a major and complex issue that faces police departments around the world today. Of the various internal problems that the police officers face, nothing is so detrimental and compromising than the acts of corruption that are taking place in the police department. The police in any...
Introduction For as long as human societies have been in existence, organizations have played a great role in civilization. Even before the birth of Christ, the Romans had complex bureaucracies. Further down the history line, the Greeks also exhibited forms of organizational structures. Similarly, these structures have remained to this...
Introduction The Miranda rights, also known as the Miranda warning, are an iconic legal term associated with law enforcement. These set of rights are a notification given by law enforcement officers to individuals in police custody and interrogation. Based on a high-profile Supreme Court case, the Miranda warning is targeted...
Introduction According to Smith (2003), Federal law enforcement is defined as a structure of enforcing the law in countries that have a federal government that has control all over the country. Where a federal government exists, the nation is divided into smaller sections and every smaller section possesses its laws...
Introduction The United States Marshals Service is one of the pioneer law enforcement agencies that was formed in 1969 and operates under the justice department. It took its responsibilities from the Executive Office for the United States Marshals which itself was formed in 1965. The law enforcement agency is credited...
Introduction This study paper seeks to establish a comparative analysis between German and American correctional systems. It then passes a considered opinion of the writer as to which correctional system is more effective and justifiable. In addition to it, an opinion on whether any elements of the American correctional system...
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which falls under the Constitution Act of 1982, was developed to guarantee the rights and freedoms of all Canadian citizens. The Canadian Charters deals with all human rights aspects and issues such as freedom of speech, worship and communication by stating that everyone...
In this essay, I will present my thoughts on the importance of the Internet as a law enforcement tool. For reference, I’ll mainly use Raymond Foster’s Police Technology handbook as it’s considered the Bible of information related to technological advances when applied to law enforcement. I will also use my...
Introduction Criminal procedure is the branch of law with the mandate of maintaining order in society and protecting the rights of all citizens by ensuring that they live in peace and are free from government interference. This paper will look at the criminal proceedings concerning the first, fourth, fifth, sixth,...
Introduction Segregation in prisons has been and still is a matter of great controversy particularly in the United States of America. In one way or another, inmates in prisons find themselves being separated along with factors of homogeneity ranging from natural factors such as gender differentials to factors that exist...
Introduction In the past, policing strategies were based on proximity, and the price of this has limited the size of the populace to which data could be sent. In particular, interaction with to a large number of citizens needed compromises in the degree of information richness. With the increasing span...
Government officials are mostly protected from civil liability when faced with statutory and constitutional claims, according to a doctrine called qualified immunity. Ordinary individuals, regardless of their ranks in society, are expected to follow the law strictly. They can be sued and fined if they violate another person’s legal rights....
Prison life has changed completely, especially in the 21st century. Prison life of the past lacked a lot of improvements that are present in the current prisons. Nowadays, prisoners enjoy freedom of activities, an aspect that was not found in the past prisons. Despite that they are prisoners they are...
Introduction Police patrols in crime-prone regions in major cities have been expensive and risky. With this, it can be quickly understood why unmanned drones are being embraced as a new way of demonstrating a police presence in an area. Technology comes with excellent capabilities that law enforcement agencies can leverage...
Today, most aspects of policing from simple traffic enforcement to homicide investigation rely on identification and acknowledgement of a police agent as a law enforcement officer. The presence of a “highly visible police have a deterrent effect” (Baker, 2009) to crime, and many believe that any criminal intending to commit...
An executive order directing the closure of all mosques would be grossly unconstitutional as it would effectively infringe the free exercise of Islam religion in contravention of constitutional provisions. The American Constitution contains various inalienable prerogatives which could not be surrendered or derogated by the state. According to its drafters,...
Sir Robert Peel (2004) is most remembered for his contribution to reforming British criminal law, the penitentiary institutions, the police service, the fiscal policies, and the economic policies. Because of his pragmatic approach to social and political problems, he managed to make government an instrument for social reform. His career...
Location California Institution for Women (CIW) is the only female state prison located in the city of Chino, San Bernardino County, California (Laner 2). The total lot size is 120 acres (49 ha) and is surrounded by the rural area. We decided to create a facility for pregnant prisoners who...
In the police system, discretion and discrimination are two issues that are often confused and misinterpreted by the public. Both issues have a great impact on ethical and moral decisions accepted by police officers and determine human rights and freedoms. Criminal justice institutions can change the situation by realizing, understanding,...
Introduction The role of prison administration is to confine people arrested either before or after court rulings. The system entails putting suspects and those indicted for committing crimes under confinements in state prisons, private jails, house arrests, and other types of prisons. The penitentiary system is a debatable issue in...
Community policing ordinarily refers to the cooperation that exists between the society members and the law enforcement agencies in maintaining law and order. Several things can be done by the community to enhance the success of such operations in an area and this is what community policing focuses on. Fielding...
Introduction Different types of policing models exist mainly depending on the way or focus to solving problems and carrying out the duties of policing. Community Policing is a form of policing which focuses on the use of the community to collaborate with the police, as a way of dealing with...
As compared to constituents of the socially dominant faction, ethnic minorities are much more liable to be detained, questioned, and searched by law enforcement officials. Once they have been arrested, minority members are also more likely to suffer police brutality and are more likely to be held in jail while...
Introduction The new millennium brought with it new challenges for the police organizations. Not only has globalization increased but also the pace at which information technology devices are advanced. Globalization has meant that people can move from one country to another without many restrictions (Friedrichs 2007). On the other hand,...
Introduction Police officers are expected to enforce the law. They must serve and protect the public. They are society’s first line of defense. The public expects police officers to serve with courage and honor. These expectations can, sometimes, prove to be quite overwhelming. Officers of the law are constantly in...
The concept of authority refers to the power to undertake some actions and a power to permit others to do something. At the national level, the disregard or misunderstanding of authorities could undermine the legitimacy of military actions. Hence, strict adherence to the higher authorities is a means to achieve...
The world has become a global village. With every day’s witnessing of new inventions, working has become very easy and fast. This new development is touching every aspect of life. This starts from communication, economy, politics, religion, sports and even crime. It is as a result of this phenomenon that...
Mandatory reporting of child abuse HIPAA is the privacy rule that provides comprehensive protecting of individual health information from being disclosed or transmitted in any form to a third party, other that the health care provider and the patient with the consent of the patient, or without, following due procedure...
Introduction Ethics at work are the morals that should be possessed by everyone in the organization despite their position. Almost all organizations and sectors of the economy are faced with problems related to ethics. This is because people come from different backgrounds and are being forced by work circumstances to...
Background Community policing entails a set of strategies put in place at an organizational level to create a cooperative link between the police and the citizenry in providing various services to citizens in the community (Mirsky 1). As a result, in the United States, the police community service has been...
Introduction Many argue that the passing of exclusionary rule allowed protection of criminals hence, increase of criminal activities. Moreover, the rule protects victims from illegal searches from police officers. Thus, for two decades now, the exclusionary rule has seen criminals transport dangerous weapons and hard drugs all over the world....
Introduction The field of policing involves the implementation or enforcement of law within a defined society. For policing to be successful in the society, it is important that those involved in policing and those who are being policed understand the existing laws that define legality of certain actions. The field...
Houston, Texas is a lively urban city with industrious residents who desire a secured and crime free metropolis. Though Houston is not without a crime problem, like many metropolitan cities, therefore, the avoidance or reduction of crime in this metropolis is necessitated and involves the dynamic support of all residents...
The New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) is an independent department that investigates, considers, or takes other actions concerning the complaints against the police officers. Typically, such complaints occur when a police officer abuses his authority, implements excessive force, or uses inappropriate language. The CCRB’s goals are to...
Introduction The Bureau of Justice Statistics (2009a) Web site is a religiously-updated one-stop repository of information about all things pertaining to the criminal justice system in the United States. Just how comprehensive the links in this field are is shown by such diverse matters as: presenting law enforcement capability from...
Introduction Federal law enforcement agencies operating in the U.S. are charged with a multiplicity of responsibilities. This paper specifically aims to evaluate the Federal Bureau of Investigations, Drug Enforcement Agency, Marshals Service, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, and the Transportation Security Administration. Federal Bureau of Investigations The Federal...
On July 15, 2010, at around 8:25 am, I received an emergency call from an overwhelmed victim that she was being robbed. According to her call, she had been robbed at 4949 Cherry Hill lane; an area close to her home. As usual, my team and I moved swiftly and...
Background of the issue There have been a series of resounding unfair events that plague the American criminal justice system. Young men are wrongly convicted because they belong to an ethnic minority. Women, as well, have not been left behind as they continue to suffer criminal injustice, but the focus...
Police officers are often charged with the responsibility of ensuring that they enforce the laws of the land. Accordingly, those people who would wish to join the police force are often obligated to be holders of a given minim level of education and training. Federal and state laws often establish...
Introduction The federal bureau of investigation (FBI) is a body that operates under the umbrella of the United States Department of Justice. Its primary role is to investigate crimes that are classified as a federal crime; additionally, the FBI also functions as an intelligence agency. The FBI’s main offices are...
Report The purpose of this report is to assess the relationships between the Metropolitan Police and community-based organizations. In particular, it is necessary to analyze the positive and negative aspects, which may contribute to or hinder effective functioning of the police force. In addition to that, it is of the...
Introduction If current issues and trends that currently impinge on the use of force are anything to go by, police management in the future must likely concern itself with the comprehensive acquisition of less-lethal equipment, more (not less) racial tensions, sustained training in nonviolent self-defense/arrest, a continued influx of war...
The following cases are to be considered from the legal perspective in terms of the legal ways to execute power on immigration legislature on both federal and state levels. The first issue is related to the question of the extent of state power when it comes to the process of...
It is not easy to become a good policeman in the USA nowadays. To become a real professional one must work hard and come through many tests, exercises and trainings such as firearm and physical training, fitness and drive tests, and of course, in class instructions. The last include studying...
Corruption is a rampant evil affecting all sections of society. The word corrupt is a Latin word that gave rise to the word corruption; it means spoiled, broken, or destroyed. (Hodgson and Jiang, 2007) The Concise Oxford dictionary meaning of corruption in the social context means “to bribe” and corruption...
Introduction Policing is a vital part of all organized societies. For a society to ensure that law and order are maintained among its citizens, police must show their presence among the subjects through regular patrols. For many years, many police departments have faced a similar problem: how to organize effective...
The kind of research design that was used for the research was quasi-experimental research design. It was used to look at three strike laws on crime in California and how effective or ineffective they are in combating crime in the country. The data mainly used was a reference to the...
Introduction Community Correction Centers as used in the United States provide a form of alternative punishment for offenders whose crimes are of a non violent nature. In the US, two forms of correctional centers models are in existence. One of the models combines the procedures of correction programs as found...
After the terrorist attacks on 11th September 2001, considerable attention has been given to immigration laws. Some experts think that the federal government is not very well equipped in enforcing immigration laws and that the local and state law enforcement agencies should be involved in this regard. In this context,...
Introduction The term “war,” referring to a set of measures taken by the US government with regard to a specific problem, signifies their magnitude and radicality. In this sense, the War on Polio is a less known but highly illustrative example. According to Oshinsky, American officials’ policies were primarily focused...
The judicial system of the United States is divided into federal and state courts. Federal courts deal with the cases of federal offenses, whereas the state ones hear the cases of offenses within a state. The power of judges depends on what court they belong to, and they have different...
Introduction The PATRIOT Act became federal law in October of 2001. It was quickly accepted by Congress just a month and a half following the September 11 attacks. Pressure to pass homeland security legislation prevailed over the need to understand what the 342 page Act entailed. Most Congressmen admit to...
Problem statement The concept of a corrections system is not new in American society, but has undergone important changes which have improved the manner in which prisoners are treated and controlled in prisons. Prison development programs of the earlier times followed the doctrines of moral instruction to control and punish...
Over the years, a number of scandals have shaken society with the involvement of police officers in various misconduct. Police misconduct can be characterized as inappropriate or illegal conduct by law enforcement in performance of official duties, ranging from misappropriation of force and unwarranted searches to coercion, falsification of evidence,...
