Introduction
The speech of the United Nations Secretary-General regarding the multipolarity of international relations can be perceived differently. Realism, in this case, is somewhat poorly suited to interpreting the general secretary’s notion. These words are best explained by the hegemonic stability theory (neoliberalism), which is the most optimal for creating a multilateral balance of power in the world mentioned in the rhetoric of Guterres.
Main body
In this situation, liberalism can contend that a hegemon actively participates in international politics might establish stability and a modicum of peace inside the international system. A global power in the international state system with greater economic and military might than other governments is seen to be able to provide economic stability, according to the hegemonic stability theory (Karkour, 2022). In the international order, it can be viewed as a communal or public good from which all governments benefit, as stated in Guterres’ words. Because other nations profit from the resulting economic stability regardless of how they contribute to it, the hegemon can do so without sacrificing its security interests. The hegemon must drive trade liberalization, maintain a commitment to a free market economy during a downturn, and promote development in impoverished regions for the central place theory to work.
Neo-realism, or modern realism, distinguishes itself from the political laws based on human nature and its traits. It holds that the structure in which nations interact in international affairs is anarchic because there is no supreme sovereign. Since there is no higher authority than states, neo-realists explain that nations serve their objectives in the global community by adhering to a strict code of self-help. Additionally, because the international political system is anarchic, all states pursue their interests and work to get the necessary power to protect themselves and preserve their existence in a situation where no other country or authority will step in to help them if they fail to do so.
Conclusion
Though liberalism advocates for peace between democratic countries and collaboration via economic interdependence, realism does not claim to be a philosophy of peace. This assertion is still mostly applicable. However, even though liberal theories adopt a positive and reformist perspective on the issue of international relations, liberal actions in other regions of the world continue to threaten stability in both absolute and relative terms.
References
Karkour, H. L. (2022). Liberal modernity and the classical Realist critique of the (present) International Order. International Affairs, 98(2), 569–586. Web.