American Policing: The Colonial Experience North Policing during the colonial era in the North was usually informal and community-oriented. Towns were adequately maintained, and the enforcing laws were overseen. The night watch system was introduced during this time, and volunteers controlled the streets to prevent crime and fires. Balko (2021)...
Introduction Nuclear energy has many different advantages and disadvantages that are important to consider in order to understand their long-term impact on the state of nature and the economy. Built-in the 1970s, the fleet of nuclear reactors has a lifespan of 40 years, meaning decisions must be made to shut...
Introduction For many years, opponents have argued that the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) offsets the financial risk for a small portion of Americans and should be phased out. One of the primary arguments against the NFIP is that by offering inexpensive insurance, it encourages growth in flood-prone regions, resulting...
Policy and Program Overview Criminal justice plays a leading role in ensuring the population’s safety and well-being. Its responsibility includes performing many functions, including the development of specialized programs that help reduce crime. In Killeen, Texas, one such program becomes the Killeen Police Volunteer Program. The main advantage of this...
Topic Selection The implications and effectiveness of gun control policies in the United States is the theme selected for the informative synthesis essay. The topic was chosen due to the ongoing discussion and widespread public anxiety about gun control in the US, which gave rise to several laws and restrictions...
Introduction One bill from the 2023 88th Texas Legislative session that recently concluded and caught my attention is House Bill 1925, also known as the Texas Voting Rights Protection Act (Texas Legislature Online – 87(R) History for HB 1925, n.d.). This bill aimed to make significant changes to Texas’ voting...
Introduction The privatization of public prisons has gained pace in the United States. The main reason for the move is the assumption that the practice is cost-effective. This paper aims to highlight the pitfalls associated with the practice, such as the hidden costs, the violations of inmate rights, the endangerment...
Introduction Penal reform is considered contentious due to conflicting agendas among the parties involved. For this reason, all stakeholders should be documented and engaged to initiate the needed reforms and help restore confidence in the system. The prison is regarded as an arena characterized by a fierce public debate involving...
Introduction Most people’s primary source of income in retirement is their pension. The industrialized nations’ pension systems were established at a time when seniors made up a small proportion of the population (Huang & Zhang, 2021). This system existed until the second part of the twentieth century and was founded...
Introduction Texas is one of the states that are most affected by the issue of school shootings. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of shootings at schools. The recent 2022 Uvalde shooting took the lives of 21 people, which is an unprecedented number for a...
Introduction It is evident that policy creation, promotion, and implementation are essential and complex steps toward improving the country and the lives of its citizens. At the same time, policymakers should also assess the positive and negative effects and consequences that occur at the state and national levels sooner or...
Introduction Different problems and concerns reduce Americans’ quality of life and pose a threat to their human rights and freedoms. One such issue is that certain politicians and ordinary citizens try to terminate the DACA program, which helps undocumented immigrants get education and jobs. This paper aims to describe who...
Introduction One’s views on migrants in the United States vary greatly depending on the party they support. Political parties hold opposite opinions on this topic and try to push their agenda constantly. Due to this situation, changes in these laws are chaotic and ineffective. This causes numerous issues when making...
Introduction Immigration policies in the United States continue to change with each election, causing chaos in the legal system that deals with migrants regardless of their origin. The disputes around this topic led to political conflicts on a large scale. However, there are long-proposed policies that have support from both...
Introduction Book banning can be an action taken against a book based on its content, which can be accomplished through administrative decisions or threatened action by government officials. It can take various forms, such as prohibitions on books in libraries or classrooms. In the most recent months, there has been...
The Reconstruction Amendments, namely, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, have certainly marked the second funding of the US. The current values instilled in the country’s political, social, and cultural code, such as democracy and equality, would not have been engrained if not for the aforementioned enactments after the Civil...
The American healthcare system is one of the most progressive in the world. However, some problems may occur, and it is important to pay attention to these drawbacks. For example, the current issues are related to affordability and access to all citizens. Not all patients in the US can receive...
The policies that emanate from the American courts are fundamentally different from policies made by the legislature on several key aspects. One of these aspects is the fact that policy from the court process is derived from an adversarial process. In contrast, policy by the legislature is derived from a...
Introduction Diversity and inclusivity are crucial concepts in corporate organizations, forcing managers to pay more attention to them. Difficulties with an ethical and fair approach to racial, gender, and socioeconomic diversity and continually challenging social biases and discrimination have deteriorated our company’s work. Indeed, the more a company unethically treats...
Significant shifts in the foreign policy of many countries occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century. This refers to the fact that external expansion and the expansion of the sphere of influence have become necessary to establish itself as a state in the international political arena. The United...
For a long time, the concept of the American Dream forced people from other countries to move to the U.S. However, in pursuit of a dream of succeeding, many lose sight of the meaning behind American citizenship. The nature of American national identity implies a mix of different cultures where...
Summary Interest groups are a collection of people who share the same concerns. These may include political opinions or are aimed at influencing various national policies. People in an interest group can meet physically via Zoom, create online pages on social media platforms, call for volunteers, or raise funds. The...
Courts may apply foreign law based on public policy and order. Some countries select which law to apply to foreign facts. The forum’s authority to block harmful legislation limits the promise to protect valid international rights. Due to ambiguity, public policy is sometimes used to make choices. Courts seldom apply...
Attempts to legalize gambling in Texas were made a few years ago. The COVID-19 pandemic has given new life to casino and sports gambling laws, and Texas has begun to think about play as a way out of the crisis. There are controversial opinions about this decision, but one can...
Gun regulations in the United States have been a subject of heated debates throughout many recent election cycles. With no action taken due to numerous conflicts of interest, politicians and interest groups strive to influence public opinion. The discussions that are often met with mass discontent are background checks and...
Introduction For decades now, Texas has been reliably a red, conservative state. However, in recent years, the state is showing significant demographic changes. Trends have shown that historically the people moving to Texas are from a democrat voting state. Texas’ economy looks to be a major driving factor of migration...
The Policy Brief on the Chosen Bill The committee evaluated one of the suggestions in the IOM study Crossing the Quality Chasm while assessing the healthcare sector’s role in ensuring public health. Health care organizations, professional groups, and private and public consumers should use it as their precise aim to...
Introduction The public outcry around the shooting in Ferguson, and later many other events such as George Floyd has created what is known as the ‘Ferguson Effect.’ It is evident that the dynamic between the public and the police is rapidly changing, particularly when it comes to community policing and...
Introduction Representatives and Senators may sponsor bills related to various issues, such as health, security, and international affairs. Health is a rather important topic, as different legislations related to the subject may either positively or negatively affect the topic. In the following text, I will review two bills sponsored by...
To a great extent, the federal government of the United States has adopted several principles of action to promote equality and inclusive education. Children with disabilities have been neglected, making education inaccessible to them. All American K-12 schools must offer adequate resources, training, and space to ensure students with and...
Introduction There are many polarizing issues in the United States, and the question of marijuana legalization is one of them. While many conservatives urge a more strict stance on its use, some liberal-thinking people explain the benefits of legalization. This paper will defend the legalization of marijuana for recreational use....
Introduction The Senate’s most complete bill on civil rights was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Several anti-racism and Jim Crow-era eradication elements were incorporated. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave blacks in the South the right to vote by prohibiting practices like voting laws and proficiency tests that...
Introduction Being in the army means service to the U.S. government and Americans. The qualified personnel undergoes intensive training that comes along with a range of benefits. The most significant benefit is earning a basic wage. Compared to other professions military officers’ basic pay increase more with the time of...
Initiation vs. Modification Policy initiation is the process of establishing a right, an obligation, or a law. Initiation establishes rules for new circumstances, decisions, or any conditions. Adopting a new right takes place publicly and is formed as a completely new phenomenon that has not previously been discussed or contained...
Abstract The growing concerns of scholars regarding the morality of abortion and the introduction of varying conditions at different levels have contributed to the impossibility of coordinating efforts during the ongoing pandemic promptly. The previous research confirmed the failure to protect new life, stemming from the emphasized significance of women’s...
Introduction Policy analysis (PA), as a set of public administration techniques concerned with the evaluation of novel and pre-existing policies, represents a field fraught with human-related risks. When fulfilling their responsibilities, policy analysts should be guided by the principles of concern for others, integrity, and honesty in assessing the policy’s...
Any society is characterized by the fact that it has a large number of opinions and needs, which may differ from each other. In order to come to a compromise or protect the disadvantaged, citizens need to show their requests. In order for this procedure to be as effective as...
Abstract Abstract of a dissertation entitled “Adoption of Integrated Review Approach Can Strengthen Security” submitted by Your Name for BSc (Hons.) in Emergency & Crisis Management at the University of Central Lancashire in 2022. Currently, the UK is undergoing the most fundamental changes in politics, security, and strategic planning. It...
Introduction In the U.S., various public assistance systems help offset the cost of health and other care. Assistance programs can be government-sponsored or publicly available without the need for a contribution (Jansson, 2018). Such a system allows everyone to manage their resources and income by allocating them to their needs....
The general system of public administration includes two primary aspects: political and administrative. There is a clear relationship between public administration and policy, in relation to which two diametrically opposed approaches are practiced. Public administration is theoretically considered a politically neutral body. This means that public administration obeys and implements...
Introduction A political project is a special type of political and managerial activity aimed at correcting the behavior of actors in this process and optimizing political development in the future. As a result, policy direction is developed that aims to benefit the stakeholders and society at large. The political project...
Introduction The core problem identified in the reading is the quality of social programs. Currently, many social initiatives have funding challenges, and the lack of resources is blamed for the challenges in providing the required quantity, variety, intensity, or geographic distribution of services which is an impeding factor. Discussion According...
Introduction Recently, controlling and managing teen pregnancy is becoming challenging even with the available programs and policies to prevent and resolve premarital pregnancy and the well-being of young mothers and their infants. Although these policies and programs aim at pregnancy prevention for teens, there are assumed consequences that are overlooked,...
Introduction In the United States, legislation implies the need to pay attention to external and internal circumstances when determining the effectiveness of suggestions. The former guide their practical implementation by modifying the outcomes during emergencies, and the latter contributes to them by establishing leadership. Therefore, it is critical to understand...
Introduction Federal policy toward a branch of law, sociology, and health care is often the key to a high quality of life. For the family institution, federal support is an opportunity to strengthen attitudes and create a safe environment for children to develop. Yet this institution is currently sagging in...
The United States Department of Education has identified several strategies to increase educational equity and ensure that schools around the nation serve all kids. These efforts build on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan’s unprecedented investment in schools as engines of equity and opportunity. These programs are intended to build...
Health care policy is a sensitive issue that requires public input and must be thoroughly scrutinized during formulation. Every pertinent issue raised must be considered and adequately addressed. All the stakeholders must be involved since the policy affects the general public interest. This will ensure that every aspect has the...
Two Political Issues Affecting Art Program Success First of all, involving the public in the decision-making process: studies have shown that when the public is consulted and their opinions are taken into account, program and policy success rates tend to be higher. This is likely because when people feel they...
Introduction Notably, an example of an organization dealing with the challenges of planning and implementation of policy and programs is the Environmental Protection Agency, briefly EPA. Organizations, such as the EPA, serve as the fourth branch of government, acting in quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial capacities to implement the law and develop...
The formation and implementation of the public policy usually have four stages or, as this process is sometimes called, a political cycle consisting of several consecutive actions. The first stage is to identify public issues and policy goals, called policy initiation. In the second stage, the development and legitimization of...
I think that the U.S. government’s systems of checks and balances are a detriment to effective public policymaking in case of the Biden Administration’s proposed $1.75 trillion BBB plan. This is due to the fact that the Build Back Better plan is especially relevant for the current conditions of the...
Research Purpose Statement/Outline Introduction and Purpose Statement One of the major public policy conflicts, which is particularly relevant during the ongoing pandemic, resulting in higher risks, is abortion legislation, which is to be readjusted to the current conditions. The opposing views on the matter are usually presented by the emphasis...
Introduction Gun violence does not discriminate. Guns have symbolic, cultural, and economic significance in the United States and various applications. Many Americans treasure hunting, sport shooting, gun collecting traditions, and the security and safety they may bring. Many communities rely on hunting as a significant economic engine. The gun industry...
Introduction The article is dedicated to the so-called red flag law, which has become n effective means of fighting gun violence and protecting the public in the United States. These laws are gaining popularity because they enable law enforcement agencies to impose limitations on the arms holders. Thus, they potentially...
Dating from the early 1960s, the process of modernizing the Emirates’ legal systems entailed virtually replacing the previous system of justice, which was successfully ruled by the Sharia, with Western-inspired laws and institutions. The UAE has a charter of rights and freedoms, first formed as a transitional Constitution in December...
As the pandemic spread across the country, Houston City Council held its first meeting related to coronavirus. City council members discussed measures that had to be taken to curb the spread of the disease. Remote work was believed to be the best thing to promote social distancing within the city....
Introduction The integration of immigrants in Canada is a complex process guided by the conditions of the environment alongside the local residents’ perceptions. From this perspective, it presents both challenges and opportunities to newcomers while they are influenced by the societal norms and expectations of the country. Nevertheless, these problems...
Summary A public policy is referred to as a course of action enacted or created by the government while responding to a public problem. In the United States, several public policies have been enacted concerning different industries to advance an individual’s or country’s economy. This paper will cover intellectual property...
The first amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified in 1791 and states that there will be freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition in the country. The first amendment has been a vital part of the development of American society and the success of the country. The...
Introduction Identifying women’s motives for having abortions might assist in relating the argument, dispelling public misunderstandings, and opening the door to empathy. The choice to undergo an abortion is usually made for a variety of reasons. Most women give many reasons for having an abortion. Abortion is a difficult and...
Main Argument The power of the legislative branch across the United States can be defined as highly authoritative. This means that policymaking is one of the key areas that receive attention from the government and responsible individuals across policymaking bodies. It is crucial to recognize the inherent strength of legislations...
Historical Context Mental health significantly determines people’s quality of life, as it influences behavior and even physical health. Disorders limit the opportunities of people affected by them and, in more complex cases, threaten them and their surroundings. However, due to the separation of mental health problems from the general health...
The United States immigration policies are based on numerous principles. One of these laws includes reuniting families and accepting immigrants with specific skills that are essential to the economy of the country (American Immigration Council). Additionally, the policies involve promoting and protecting diversity among individuals. The Title 42 policy refers...
Summary Germany is experiencing climatic problems as a result of using fossil fuels and carbon emissions. The country is trying to make several efforts to combat climate change by using renewable sources of energy such as solar, water, biomass, and wind energy. The main objective is to transform from fossil...
Introduction There are several Native Hawaiian serving organizations operating on various levels and fulfilling multiple tasks. One of the most significant examples is the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) – a state agency whose duty is to maintain, protect, and enhance “the wellbeing of Native Hawaiians” (Office of Hawaiian Affairs....
Introduction The morality and legality of prostitution have been a source of contention for decades. It is now illegal in most countries, including the United States. Even though it is against the law, prostitution is a significant issue today. According to the International Work Organization, around 40 million people worldwide...
Introduction A common practice in public policy research is to transfer the world’s best practices to the local context. The experience of countries that have repeatedly succeeded in some policies serves as a model for others. Nevertheless, public policy students should be careful when they recommend copying some policies from...
Assault Weapons Ban Act Weapon usage is a debatable question in the U.S. and causes much controversy among Democrats and Republicans. The “Assault Weapons Ban” act was introduced by Dianne Feinstein in January 2023 in order to influence the ever-growing influence of pistols (Feinstein, 2023). About a third of Americans...
Introduction School safety is a critical aspect of the US educational system. To ensure the safety of students, various measures are regularly taken. Schools are predominantly regulated and funded by state governments, which decide on reforms and public policy in this area. Moreover, at the local level, citizens have more...
Introduction Homelessness is a severe social problem that requires measures to address it effectively. In February 2023, the H.R. 773: Homelessness and Behavioral Health Care Coordination Act of 2023 was submitted for consideration. Its purpose is to provide the required medical care to homeless people with mental disorders and housing...
Introduction Senator Chuck Schumer of New York has long been a vocal advocate for the fight against drug addiction, particularly when it comes to heroin, fentanyl, and Xylazine in New York State (NY). Schumer has been a strong advocate for increased funding for drug treatment and prevention, as well as...
Introduction The spread of abortion legislation across the US is massive, and some political leaders are concerned about the future of their states concerning the abortion ban. For example, Michelle Lujan Grisham is worried that the country’s government is trying to squeeze abortion in all states (Garrity). She believes it...
Introduction Social Welfare policy is aimed at helping those in need and overcoming poverty. These programs set the goal of leveling socioeconomic inequalities that cause limited opportunities and access to resources for the poor or vulnerable categories of the population, like the elderly or disabled people. This policy includes developing...
Policymaking First and foremost, policymaking comprises a set of initiatives and programs that a politician implements to disseminate his values and ideas. For example, it was important for Barack Obama to engage in health care reform because he placed health care at the center of his policies (Kirk et al.,...
Introduction In the State of the Union Address 2023, President Biden raised many questions about public policies in various directions. In particular, these problems concern unemployment, inflation, healthcare, education, prevention of violence, and other areas. Although the President proposed options for solving problems in these areas, some may seem doubtful...
The US is currently having a major student debt crisis, which is due to the government’s monetary policy. Student loan debts cause significant harm to many people in the US, and the situation is aggravating each year. Carlson reports the volume of federal and public student loan debt reached an...
Introduction Governments always establish policies to relieve the suffering of some vulnerable social groups. One such policy is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which helps parents provide for their children when they cannot, forcing them to get employment while receiving financial aid. However, this help remains ineligible for women...
Introduction Equal access to educational and economic opportunities is the basis for building a gender-equal society and empowering women worldwide. In the modern world, education is vital in eliminating gender disparities and is the basis for further development and progress. Women who have access to education not only achieve a...
By demokaraasi, the people of the Wolof community understand the general conformity and unification of the members in a common desire to strive for good and reject bad. Demokaraasi means changing one’s vote and adapting political votes to the desire of the majority (Schaffer, 2018). Since the Wolof community is...
Both parties, Democrats and Republicans, should consider the history of healthcare reform and learn specific lessons from it. Affordable Care Act is healthcare reform, which stands for affordable health insurance, covering adults with an average income of less than 138% and decreasing healthcare costs through new medical care delivery methods...
Personal experience shows that voting rights are essential to democracy, and people often associate freedom in the country with the opportunity to choose the politicians or approve the legislation. From one point of view, voting rights mean that the person is a citizen with all possibilities to influence life in...
Introduction Police play an important role in the life of every individual as in case of murders or other crimes, they can assist and protect. In recent years, the participation of police has increased in the US as there has been a rapid growth of 100% from 1990 to 2012...
Introduction The United States has always been a country of immigrants, where people come from all over the world in search of a better life. It has always welcomed immigrants, but the current policy regarding immigration raises concerns about whether to build a wall along the border of Texas and...
In the 1960s, a major shift in social paradigm occurred in the United States. It was the time when people began fighting actively for their rights. The political movements for civil rights, women’s rights, and anti-war protests sprung up and defined the decade. These political movements can be considered not...
Introduction In today’s society, the living standard is often dependent on the country’s ability to produce goods and services. Technological advancements, physical capital, natural resources, and human capital are some of the major factors affecting this ability. However, the growth rate of an economy is also significantly influenced by the...
Introduction The paradigm of public politics and law has now become the focus of contemporary political studies due to the existing tendency for multidiscipline involvement in the decision-making progress. Thus, according to Aalberts, the newly emerged phenomenon of multilevel governance encompasses the ideas of political decentralisation and interaction within different...
Introduction To preserve public safety and conduct successful law enforcement, police organizations and the societies they serve must have a relationship based on mutual trust. To gather information about crime in their communities and to collaborate with law enforcement entities in finding solutions to crime and disturbance concerns, police officers...
Introduction John Kingdon’s Three Streams Model best describes the policy development/path dependency of prison reform as described in The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. John Kingdon developed this model to describe policymaking dynamics, focusing on how policy ideas, problems, and solutions interact and influence decisions...
Introduction Today, I would like to discuss the topic of conscription and how it can impact society. Conscription, also known as the draft, is citizens’ mandatory military service enrollment. According to Smith (2022) in his article “The Positive Effects of Conscription on Society,” conscription can positively impact society by increasing...
Summary It is important to ensure that members of all classes and social strata have a voice and that this voice is heard. For this purpose, the concepts of advocacy and lobbying are actively used as tools for addressing specific goals within the policymaking framework. However, unlike advocacy, which primarily...
“If governments are allowed to impose indefinite and disproportionate restrictions on access to information, free expression, free assembly and privacy in the name of stopping COVID-19, the negative effects will extend far beyond this outbreak” (Funk & Linzer, 2020, para. 10). This quote raises red flags about the government’s attitudes...
According to women’s first-hand accounts of their unforeseen pregnancies, “The Abortion Divide,” a political Frontline episode, explores the problems surrounding abortion and its contentious history. The issue of outlawing abortion is currently the subject of numerous political discussions in Pennsylvania. By state laws, several abortion providers welcome pregnant persons from...
The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) is a law that was passed in 1994 to protect women from domestic violence and sexual assault. It expired in 2011 but was later reauthorized in 2013 with bipartisan support. The initial failure to renew the VAWA was due to disagreements over its provisions,...
Introduction In a time of crisis, the role of the government is essential to protect citizens. During a pandemic or other crisis, the governor will be forced to make what are sometimes unpopular decisions that need to be made quickly (Weissert et al. 398). Further, the governor’s role during a...
Introduction Despite immigrating to the US almost at the same time that white Europeans were immigrating to the New World, Asians never enjoyed the same rights as White Americans until recently. The Asian population in the US increased as they participated in the construction of railway networks across the country....
Introduction Description of the Problem It is important to note substance abuse is a major social and healthcare problem, which incurs a massive cost to the entire society through loss of lives, productivity, and communal well-being. In order to properly comprehend the given analysis, one should know that drug overdoses...
Introduction Legislation refers to the body of statutes enacted by a legislature, which is the common name for a law and usually encompasses both a bill and an act. The term can also be used to refer broadly to any rule that has been legally set down. There are three...
Engaging in sophisticated public policy advocacy is becoming a more prominent and significant aspect of all political systems worldwide. Hence, while arguing for a macro policy, it is crucial to take into account actions like exerting pressure, doing research, collaborating, targeting, establishing credibility, and necessary relationships, as well as influencing....
Climate change and unpredictable weather changes continue bothering Americans and other citizens across the globe. The threat of floods and the necessity to manage natural complexity and social vulnerability are commonly discussed by modern researchers and journalists. The article refers to America’s unique geography and the importance of maintaining people’s...
Introduction Policy-making is a complex process that involves multiple stages, some of which are available for the general public’s discussion. The existing problems of environmental pollution, expensive healthcare, and unemployment demand the development of new regulations. Moreover, this process poses political, operational, and technical challenges to the government that must...
