Annotated Bibliography of 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Media Narratives

Antisemitic conspiracies about 9/11 endure 20 years later. (2021). ADL. Web.

The source looks at another popular 9/11 conspiracy theory related to anti-Semitism (Antisemitic conspiracies, 2021). In particular, the article draws attention to ethnicity distribution at the time of the building collapse. It points out the reasons for their occurrence and development. The article is written in a news format, includes several evidentiary images, and focuses on socially vulnerable ethnic groups. The work should be used in research as it points out how the groups relate to the conspiracy phenomenon and their attitudes toward the event.

BBC (2011). 9/11 conspiracy theories: How they’ve evolved. BBC News. Web.

The BBC examines conspiracy theories about 9/11, a decade after the incident. In particular, the source provides a proper question-and-answer format that establishes what theories tell about the incident from different perspectives (BBC, 2011). The paper will be helpful as evidence about the role of media in disseminating data and is suitable for a broad audience. Using the article in the paper can help make it structured and specific to each developmental option.

BBC (2021). 9/11: George Bush breaks down his very public initial reaction – BBC [Video]. YouTube. Web.

Public figures are the first line of defense that must take responsibility for resolving the conflict. BBC (2021) recounts how George W. Bush’s reaction to confronting such an incident changed. In essence, this video demonstrates why conspiracy theories arose in the first place and what might have motivated them. It will be helpful to a general audience and researchers because it contains functional visual elements. It can be used for future work because of the value of the president’s reaction over time.

Ellefritz, R. G. (2014). Discourse among the truthers and deniers of 9/11: Movement-countermovement dynamics and the discursive field of the 9/11 truth movement [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Oklahoma State University. Web.

The study of conspiracy theories is inextricably linked to understanding at what point facts become theories. Ellefritz (2014) points out the problems associated with the perception of disturbing facts about 9/11 and the inconsistencies with the reality of the incident. The work is part of a dissertation, so it is worth including in the study to highlight the potential for conspiracy theories. The paper is written in professional language and includes diagrams of the relationship between the facts, the role of the media, and the representation of theories in government.

Graff, G. M. (2020). 9/11 and the rise of the new conspiracy theorists. The Wall Street Journal. Web.

Exploring the flip side of 9/11 conspiracies is also helpful for scientific work. Graff (2020) points out the problems such theories cause and why they hurt fact-finding. The article is written in simple language and is provided for the general public. Nevertheless, using it in your research may suggest a way to work with the facts of conspiracy theories and their role.

Klepper, D. (2021). From election to COVID, 9/11 conspiracies cast a long shadow. AP News. Web.

The role of many conspiracy theories is not thoroughly investigated because they are considered a priori false and unreliable. Nevertheless, Klepper (2021) draws attention to these inconsistencies due to the vastness of the theories caused by government silence and the inability to provide complete evidence. The article is informative, with plain language and images of the tragedy. The work can further confirm how the government failed in its role in the aftermath of the accident.

Sáfrány, B. (2013). 9/11 Conspiracy Theories. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS), 19(1), 11–30. Web.

The source explores what preconditions and facts could have contributed to the development of conspiracy theories, pointing in particular to the role of Bin Laden. Sáfrány (2013) explores the view that his figure was only used to conceal the actual cause. The work is a historical assessment and analytical report with a literary language style that can be useful to a general audience and media researchers. Using the article in your research can help determine how the conditions evolved for the main theories of intentional commission or intentional permitting of an incident.

Spišák, M., & Takács, D. (2021). 20 years after 9/11: Conspiracy theories still alive and related to Covid-19. Friedrich Naumann Foundation. Web.

The source looks at the various conspiracy theories that had spread by the twentieth anniversary of the 9/11 incident (Spišák & Takács, 2021). The authors point out how the forced demolition theory arose and why it remains the most popular for a long time, with the potential audience being everyday people. The article is presented in the usual news format without visual elements. The source can generally be used for research, but one should be cautious about its conclusions and draw one’s own conclusions.

The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. (2004). Complete 9/11 commission report. Web.

The source is the result of an investigation into the 9/11 incident in terms of the actual possibility of a terrorist attack by individuals from Al Qaeda (The National Commission, 2002). The work is written in professional language, offering both the general audience and the official customer of the report (the state and the government) clear evidence of the guilt of the official theory. The report is created in a narrative format, consistently laying out the available facts and background that would point to the perpetrators of the accident (The National Commission, 2002). It is primarily a written source, without charts or graphs, because the report aims to convey facts and evidence. This source is worth using because it offers the official version of the incident, which includes references to conspiracy theories.

Washington Post. (2021). How 9/11 ‘Truther’ conspiracy theories fueled the war on reality | Opinion [Video]. YouTube. Web.

The video looks at the point of view from which the United States government is to blame for the 9/11 incident. The authors focus on how society responded to the theories and why they followed them. The video is a short film from the Washington Post. It is presented to the general public who wants to establish the nature of politics in the noughties and its relationship to 9/11. The video is helpful for research as it partly explains the mechanism by which conspiracy theories emerge and spread, explaining their root cause.

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DemoEssays. (2025) 'Annotated Bibliography of 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Media Narratives'. 3 July.

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DemoEssays. 2025. "Annotated Bibliography of 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Media Narratives." July 3, 2025. https://demoessays.com/annotated-bibliography-of-9-11-conspiracy-theories-and-media-narratives/.

1. DemoEssays. "Annotated Bibliography of 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Media Narratives." July 3, 2025. https://demoessays.com/annotated-bibliography-of-9-11-conspiracy-theories-and-media-narratives/.


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DemoEssays. "Annotated Bibliography of 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Media Narratives." July 3, 2025. https://demoessays.com/annotated-bibliography-of-9-11-conspiracy-theories-and-media-narratives/.